BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE ...

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AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005
Figure 2.4. Level Turns.
2.4.2.2 Roll out of a turn. To roll out of a turn on a desired heading, a lead point
must be used. The amount of lead required depends upon the amount of bank used
for the turn, the rate the aircraft is turning, and your roll out rate. As a guide, a lead
point of approximately one-third the angle of bank may be used (Figure 2.4). With
experience and practice a consistent rate or rollout can be developed. A lead point
can then be accurately estimated for any combination of bank angle or rate of turn.
Make a note of the rate of movement of the heading indicator during the turn.
Estimate the lead required by comparing this rate of movement with the angle of bank
and the rate of roll out.
2.4.2.3. Altitude Control. The techniques for maintaining a constant altitude during a
turn are similar to those used in maintaining altitude in straight and level flight.
During the initial part of the roll-in, hold the same pitch attitude as was used to
maintain altitude with the wings level. As the bank is increased, anticipate a tendency
for the aircraft to lose altitude because of the change in lift vector. Adjust the pitch
attitude as necessary by reference to the miniature aircraft relative to the artificial
horizon. After the turn is established, small pitch adjustments may be required to
correct for attitude indicator precession. When rolling out of a turn, anticipate a
tendency for the aircraft to gain altitude. This results from a combination of an
increase in the vertical component of lift and a failure to compensate for trim or back
pressure used during the turn. Therefore, be aware of these factors, and monitor the
pitch attitude during the rollout in the same manner as during the roll-in. During
rollout, anticipate a decrease in pitch equal to the increase in pitch required during
roll-in.
2.4.2.4. Airspeed Control. The power control techniques for maintaining an airspeed
during a turn is similar to those used during straight and level flight. Anticipate a
tendency for the aircraft to lose airspeed in a turn. This is caused by induced drag