BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE ...

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AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005
if the aircraft is TACAN-only equipped, do not hold directly over a TACAN or
VORTAC facility or plan to use these facilities as high altitude IAFs. TACAN
station passage can be used to identify an IAF below FL180 regardless of whether
the approach is published as a Low or High altitude approach.
10.2. Holding Instruction.
10.2.1. Charted Holding Patterns. ATC clearances requiring holding where holding
patterns are charted, include the following instructions:
10.2.1.1. Direction. Direction of holding from the fix.
10.2.1.2. Holding fix. The name of the holding fix.
10.2.1.2.1. Example: “Cleared to NIGEL, hold east as published.”
10.2.1.2.1.1. NOTE: AIM describes “charted” holding patterns as “those
holding patterns depicted on U.S. government or commercially produced
(meeting FAA requirements) low/high altitude enroute, and area or STAR
charts.” Although the AIM and GP do not specifically mention the use of
published holding patterns depicted on instrument approach procedures, in
day-to-day operations they are used frequently. If the controller clears you to
“hold as published” using a holding pattern published on an approach plate,
make sure you are holding in the correct pattern. In some situations, there
may be more than one published holding pattern at the same fix. (See Figure
10.2) If there is any doubt about your clearance, query the controller.
10.2.1.3. Expect Further Clearance. ATC is responsible to issue an Expect Further
Clearance Time (EFC) based on the best estimate of any additional enroute/terminal
delays. Pilots should request an EFC any time they are directed to hold without one.
10.2.1.3.1. Example: “Cleared to NIGEL, hold east as published, expect further
clearance at 1645Z, time now 1635Z.”
10.2.2. Non-charted Holding Patterns. If ATC clears you to hold in a non-charted
holding pattern, they will provide you with the following information:
10.2.2.1. Direction. Direction of holding from the fix.
10.2.2.2. Holding fix. The holding fix.
10.2.2.3. Holding course. Radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on which the
aircraft is to hold.
10.2.2.4. Leg length. Outbound leg length in miles, if DME or RNAV is to be used.
10.2.2.4.1. Direction of turn. Left turns, if nonstandard.
10.2.2.5. Expect Further Clearance. Time to expect further clearance and any
pertinent additional delay information.
10.2.2.5.1. Example: Hold Northeast of the 106 radial, 40 DME fix, 10-mile
legs, left turns. Expect further clearance at 1725Z, time now 1710Z.