BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE ...

AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005 15
various types of course indicators, range indicators, glide slope indicators, and bearing
pointers.
1.1.3.1. NOTE: The heads-up display (HUD) is a system capable of displaying some
control, performance, and navigation data simultaneously in a relatively small area.
Information received from HUD equipment that is not certified for sole-reference
instrument flight must be verified with other cockpit indications.
1.2. Control and Performance Concept.
1.2.1. Effective Steps.
1.2.1.1. Establish. Establish an attitude or power setting on the control instruments
that will result in the desired performance. Known or computed attitude changes and
approximate power settings will help to reduce the pilot workload.
1.2.1.2. Trim. Trim until control pressures are neutralized. Trimming for hands-off
flight is essential for smooth, precise aircraft control. It allows pilots to divert their
attention to other cockpit duties with minimum deviation from the desired attitude.
1.2.1.3. Crosscheck. Crosscheck the performance instruments to determine if the
established attitude or power setting is providing the desired performance. The
crosscheck is both seeing and interpreting. If a deviation is noted, determine the
magnitude and direction of adjustment required to achieve the desired performance.
1.2.1.4. Adjust. Adjust the attitude or power setting on the control instruments as
necessary.
1.2.2. Attitude Control. Proper control of aircraft attitude is the result of maintaining a
constant attitude, knowing when and how much to change the attitude, and smoothly
changing the attitude a definite amount. Aircraft attitude control is accomplished by
proper use of the attitude reference. The attitude reference provides an immediate, direct,
and corresponding indication of any change in aircraft pitch or bank attitude.
1.2.2.1. Pitch Control. Changing the “pitch attitude” of the miniature aircraft or
fuselage dot definite amounts in relation to the horizon makes pitch changes. These
changes are measured in degrees or fractions thereof, or bar widths depending upon
the type of attitude reference. The amount of deviation from the desired performance
will determine the magnitude of the correction.
1.2.2.2. Bank Control. Changing the “bank attitude” or bank pointers a definite
amount in relation to the bank scale makes bank changes. The bank scale is normally
graduated at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 60°, and 90° and may be located at the top or bottom of
the attitude reference. Normally, use a bank angle that approximates the degrees to
turn, not to exceed 30°.
1.2.3. Power Control.
1.2.3.1. Proper power control. Proper power control results from the ability to
smoothly establish or maintain desired airspeeds in coordination with attitude
changes. Power changes are made by throttle adjustments and reference to the power
indicators. Power indicators are not affected by such factors as turbulence, improper
trim, or inadvertent control pressures. Therefore, in most aircraft, little attention is