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206 AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005 Figure 9.14. Military SID. 9.8.4.1.1.1. Obstacles Are Charted. On a military SID, “prominent” obstacles (not all obstacles) that might create a hazard if departure procedures are not executed precisely, shall be shown in their exact geographic location. When portrayal of several obstacles would create clutter, only the highest of the group must be shown. 9.8.4.1.1.2. ATC Climb Gradients Identified. Military SIDs identify and publish ATC climb gradients that exceed 200 feet per nautical mile. ATC climb gradients are for crossing restrictions or other airspace considerations. 9.8.4.1.1.3. Obstacle Climb Gradients. Military SIDs identify and publish minimum climb gradients that exceed 200 feet per nautical mile, which will ensure proper obstacle clearance. 9.8.4.1.1.3.1. CAUTION: Although military SIDs may try to depict information about the “controlling obstacle,” that information is not provided to assist you in creating your own departure. For example, you
AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005 207 may not take the obstacle height and distance from the SID and determine a “new” climb gradient for the SID. To do so may expose you to other obstacles that are not depicted. USAF aircraft must meet the published climb gradient or 200 feet per nm, whichever is higher, with all engines operating – not a new gradient that you have calculated. 9.8.4.1.1.3.2. Climb Gradient Table. Military SIDs provide information about both obstacle and ATC climb gradients. Typically, all climb gradient information is placed in a climb gradient table published on the SID. An asterisk generally denotes a minimum climb gradient (*) and a “dagger” (†) symbol generally denotes an ATC climb gradient. It is important to understand how to properly use the information presented in the climb gradient table. 9.8.4.1.1.3.3. Climb Rate vs. Climb Gradient. The unit of measurement used actually describes climb rates in feet per minute (like VVI). Because the table’s climb rate is based on feet per minute, it assumes a constant groundspeed. During climbout, you rarely hold a constant groundspeed (affected by TAS, winds, acceleration, pilot technique, etc.), so the climb rates in feet per minute are actually not very useful. Instead of a “climb rate,” what you really need to know is the required “climb gradient” expressed in feet per nautical mile or percent gradient. The table provides the information you need, but you need to know how to pick it out. 9.8.4.1.1.3.4. CAUTION: Flying the VVI values represented in the climb gradient table does not guarantee obstacle clearance. In order to properly ensure obstacle clearance, you must compare your aircraft’s climb performance to the required climb gradient (not the climb rate). 9.8.4.1.1.4. Determining the Climb Gradient in Feet Per Nautical Mile. By applying the “60-1 Rule” (described in AFMAN 11-217, Volume 3, Supplemental Information.), the number that appears in the "60 knot” block of the climb gradient table is the required gradient in feet per nautical mile. If there is no “60” block, just divide the “120” block by two or divide the “180” block by three, etc. 9.8.4.1.1.4.1. Conversions. With your climb gradient in feet per nautical mile, you can now convert to other units of measurement in order to assess your aircraft’s required performance. Here are some of the common conversions: 9.8.4.1.1.4.2. Feet Per Nautical Mile to Percent Gradient. To convert feet per nautical mile to percent gradient, divide the gradient in feet per nautical mile by 60 to convert to percent gradient. For example, if your required climb gradient is 300 ft/NM, divide by 60 to convert to percent gradient. In this case, 300 divided by sixty equals five, so your required climb gradient is 5%. Just reverse the process to convert percent gradient to feet per nautical mile. 9.8.4.1.1.4.3. Feet Per Minute to Percent Gradient. If you are using a
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