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Probate & Trust Law Section Conference Manual ... - Minnesota CLE

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AVOIDING THE UNCOMMON DIFFICULTIES<br />

CAUSED BY COMMON DRAFTING ISSUES<br />

CONTENTS<br />

Page<br />

I. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3<br />

A. What Causes Drafting Issues? ............................................................................. 3<br />

1. Time and Money ......................................................................................... 3<br />

2. Inexperience ................................................................................................ 3<br />

3. Creativity..................................................................................................... 3<br />

4. Ease of Reformation ................................................................................... 3<br />

5. Competence................................................................................................. 3<br />

6. Coordination of Dispositive Instruments .................................................... 4<br />

7. Flexibility v. Certainty ................................................................................ 4<br />

B. Who suffers from a drafting problem with a will or trust provision? ............. 6<br />

1. The Grantor/Testator ................................................................................... 6<br />

2. The Drafting Attorney ................................................................................. 6<br />

3. The <strong>Trust</strong>ee/Personal Representative .......................................................... 6<br />

4. The <strong>Trust</strong> Beneficiaries ............................................................................... 6<br />

II. Common Drafting/Administration Problems ................................................................. 6<br />

A. Who is the <strong>Trust</strong>ee? .............................................................................................. 6<br />

1. <strong>Trust</strong>ee Succession ...................................................................................... 6<br />

2. How Will <strong>Trust</strong>ees be Removed and Appointed? ....................................... 7<br />

B. What Property is Being Given? ........................................................................... 9<br />

1. Classes of Gifts ........................................................................................... 9<br />

2. Statutory Provisions .................................................................................... 9<br />

3. Complications ........................................................................................... 11<br />

C. Rough Justice – Achieving Fairness with Formulas ........................................ 13<br />

1. Charge-Backs for Lifetime Gifts and Prior <strong>Trust</strong> Distributions ............... 13<br />

2. Taking into Account Loans to Heirs and Beneficiaries ............................ 17<br />

3. Addressing Valuation Discounts............................................................... 19<br />

D. Incentive <strong>Trust</strong>s ................................................................................................... 20<br />

1. Encouraging Thrift and Hard Work .......................................................... 20<br />

- i -

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