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Probate & Trust Law Section Conference Manual ... - Minnesota CLE

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d. Duty of the trustee to notify the qualified beneficiaries of the existence of<br />

a trust (this provision has been made optional and most states recently<br />

enacting the UTC have omitted this section.)<br />

e. Statutes of limitation.<br />

3. Provides rules on “governing law” (the law that determines the meaning and<br />

effect of the trust terms and the validity of the trust) and the “principal place<br />

of administration” (establishes which state’s laws govern the administration of<br />

the trust - the duties and powers of the trustee, which courts have jurisdiction<br />

and sometimes which state taxes the fiduciary income of a trust.)<br />

4. Authorizes nonjudicial settlement agreements to encourage resolution of trust<br />

issues outside of court.<br />

B. Article II – Judicial Proceedings.<br />

1. Establishes that trusts are not subject to ongoing judicial supervision, but<br />

gives the court the power and right to intervene to the extent its jurisdiction is<br />

invoked.<br />

2. A trustee is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of the state where the<br />

principal place of jurisdiction is located.<br />

C. Article III - Representation.<br />

1. This section limits the need for courts to appoint guardians ad litem to<br />

represent the interests of beneficiaries, but continues to allow the court to<br />

appoint representatives for beneficiaries.<br />

2. Parents of minor and unborn children may represent the interests of their<br />

children.<br />

3. Fiduciaries – conservators, guardians, agents under a financial power of<br />

attorney, personal representatives – may represent and bind the interest of the<br />

person that the fiduciary represents.<br />

4. Virtual representation – representation by a person having a substantially<br />

identical interest – is authorized under the UTC.<br />

D. Article IV – Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of a <strong>Trust</strong>.<br />

1. <strong>Trust</strong>s may be written or may be oral. They must be created by someone who<br />

has capacity.<br />

2. The UTC authorizes charitable trusts, trusts for the care of an animal (“pet<br />

trusts”, and trusts without an ascertainable beneficiary (for a limited period of<br />

time – 21 years.)<br />

7

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