MAP-01-011 HFI Technical Guide - Human Factors Integration ...

Chapter 13 – Habitability and Internal Environment13.1.10 Lighting and GlareManned workspaces require good lighting conditions at all times. Lighting in theworking and non-working environment must meet at least four generalrequirements:• Sufficient light must be provided to enable personnel to see the objects ordisplays used for work or recreational purposes.• Sufficient light must enable people to see hazards or potential hazards.• Visual comfort must be maintained by controlling the characteristics of thelight emitted or reflected.HFI Technical Issues• Light must be of the required intensity and frequency to prevent anyadverse impact on night vision when required.Lighting in operational spaces must be optimised to ensure that mission criticaltasks can be conducted. However, this can conflict with the need to enablepersonnel to maintain dark adaptation whenever they return below for briefperiods. White light is generally preferred but this may need to be variable inbrightness and direction. Lighting may also vary in colour in certain spaces (forexample red lighting may be used) and the effect of this on the legibility ofdisplays and other material, e.g. warning signs, needs to be considered.Workspaces within which equipment is fitted include areas on the upper deck andthe bridge where the effects of natural lighting have to be taken into account, e.g.the effects of sunlight levels and glare on the use of visual displays. The effect ofambient lighting conditions and the special needs at each workstation musttherefore be accommodated in the design of workspaces and workstations.Operational and special task-oriented lighting will be specified by the equipmentdesigners using ergonomic standards and specific design criteria. These willgenerally be equipment and compartment specific, covering both operational andmaintenance aspects. Ambient and recreational lighting requirements are wellcovered in ergonomic standards in terms of intensity, separation of light sourcesand their positioning for compartments and passageways. The ambient lightingspecifications of compartments must match and integrate with the equipmentspecific requirements. Therefore, liaison with the equipment projects is essentialto ensure that their requirements are understood and designed for. Lighting inareas with visual display units is particularly critical in order to avoid reflectiveglare and other effects.In platform design, safety issues must be considered. Safety lightingrequirements include issues such as Upper Deck lighting, illuminating hatches,ladders, low headroom accesses and vessel rails. Lighting on decks and on thebridge may need to be minimised to counter the threat of electro-optical detectionand this will have safety implications for personnel working or moving in theseareas. Emergency lighting should mimic the ambient and safety lightingrequirements, particularly in the areas of escape routes and most frequentlyutilised routes. Potential safety risks are associated with the use of ladders andhatchways, while hazards associated with objects like pipes and equipmentsabound. The positioning of ambient lighting sources should take account of theresults from the traffic flow, main route, escape route and storing route analysesundertaken during the platform design, to reduce the probability of injury.Nov 2006 Page 13-9 Issue 4