MAP-01-011 HFI Technical Guide - Human Factors Integration ...

Annex 3 – HF Techniques, Methods and Tools• A number of measures are provided, including team and individualworkload.• Disadvantages• Each technique uses subjective ratings provided by participants once thetask is complete. There are a number of problems associated with thisform of data collection. Participants are not efficient at accurately recallingmental events and have a tendency to forget certain aspects (such as lowworkload periods of the task). There is also a tendency for participants tocorrelate workload measures with task performance.A3.9.9Co-ordination Demands AnalysisCo-ordination Demands Analysis (CDA) is used to determine the extent to whichthe task(s) under analysis require a co-ordination of team member behaviour.CDA is used to identify the extent to which team members have to work witheach other in order to accomplish the task(s) under analysis. The CDAprocedure allows researchers and practitioners to identify the operational skillsneeded within team tasks and also the teamwork skills needed for smoothcoordination among team members. Teamwork skills are extracted from a HTAand rated against behaviour taxonomy. A typical CDA behaviour taxonomyconsists of communication, situational awareness, decision-making, missionanalysis, leadership, adaptability, and accommodation. From these individualscores a ‘total coordination’ figure can be derived. The rating is based upon theextent to which the teamwork behaviour was apparent during the completion ofthe task step in question.• Advantages• The output of a CDA is very useful, offering an insight into the use ofteamwork behaviours and also a rating of team coordination and itscomponents.• CDA seems to be very suitable for use in analysing team coordination incommand and control environments.• The aforementioned teamwork taxonomy covers all aspects of teamperformance and coordination.• The teamwork taxonomy is generic, allowing the technique to be used inany domain without modification.• CDA provides a breakdown of team performance in terms of task stepsand the level of co-ordination required.• Disadvantages• The rating procedure is time consuming and laborious.• For the technique to be used properly, the appropriate SME’s are required.It may be difficult to gain access to such personnel for long periods of time.May 2006 Page A3-83 Issue 4