MAP-01-011 HFI Technical Guide - Human Factors Integration ...

Chapter 2 – Introduction To HFI Technical Areasparticularly of software, has been added to the more traditional hardwaremaintenance roles needed to support the integrity of the Combat System.Remote diagnosis and repair from elsewhere in the vessel or from outside thevessel is becoming a distinct possibility; while maintenance job aids, including theuse of synthetic devices, e.g. head-up displays of maintenance procedures andequipment diagrams, are evolving rapidly for use in service.• Marine EngineeringMarine engineering equipment may need to be maintained on deck or withincompartments in potentially dangerous or hazardous environments. Hazardsneed to be minimised, adequate clearance and lighting must be available withinmaintenance spaces, labelling of hazards should appear outside and insideequipment and appropriate handling and lifting equipment must be provided.2.2.14 Safety (Chapter 17)In terms of the platform, ship safety aspects include: human reliability;vulnerability and survivability of personnel in response to shock and other effects;design to support fire-fighting and damage control activities; design of hazardzones; provision of local and global Escape and Evacuation arrangements;uniformity and effectiveness of alarms and warnings; chemical, biological,radiation and nuclear defence (CBRND).Two main classes of safety risk arise with equipment. The first consists of directthreats to the safety of the operator or maintainer when using or maintainingequipment. Exposure to electrical shock, moving equipment, collision withequipment casings and fittings, effects of fire or weapons damage are instanceswhich may need to be anticipated when designing equipment and workspaces.The second class arises from inadvertent operation or erroneous use of theequipment. Human error and reliability analysis techniques are used to explorethe likelihood of safety risks to others including maintenance and other personnelperforming duties on or near weapons and sensors mounted on upper decks.These contribute to the Safety Case for the equipment under JSP 430 ‘MOD ShipSafety Management’ [Ref 5]. Alarms, warnings, display formats, control lockoutand manual override facilities can then be designed to reduce such risks.Health hazards can appear in the workplace and in recreational areas. Hazardsinherent in the design of the vessel are identified and minimised in all areasincluding hygiene of facilities, design of surfaces, materials used in finishes andfurnishing, leakage or venting of fuel and other substances, air quality andventilation with smoke from fires, waste disposal facilities, ladder and hatchwaydesign and positioning.Health hazards arise during the normal operation of equipment, particularly underprolonged watch patterns, which may extend over the whole mission of thevessel. The need to stay closed up in the same position while performingrepetitive movements may result in strain injury. Proximity to operatingequipment may expose personnel to radiation, noise, shock and other risks. Theair quality within vessels may decrease over time and cause breathing difficulties.Operations under conditions of physical and psychological stress when combinedwith cumulative fatigue may adversely affect the health of the crew. Shift cyclesand rest periods need to be considered when designing the equipment to ensurethat performance and health can be maintained.Nov 2006 Page 2-11 Issue 4