Through the Eras

Chronology of World Events747–716 King Piye of Kush controls Nubia andEgypt.744 Zechariah succeeds Jeroboam II as kingof Israel. He is assassinated by Shallum,who in turn is killed by Menachem, whoascends the throne and rules until 735B.C.E.744–727 Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria rules Mesopotamia.In 743 B.C.E. he attacks theUrarteans at Arpad. He then turns hisattention in 739 B.C.E. to the west, forcingJudah and Israel to submit to his authority.743–642 The Neo-Elamite Period, in which theElamites meddle in Babylonian affairs,occurs on the Iranian plateau.741–726 King Jotham and King Ahaz of Judahserve as co-regents in Syria-Palestine.735 The Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III sendshis forces against Urartu again.734–731 Pekahiah, son of King Menachem, servesas king of Israel. Ahaz of Judah rejectsan alliance with Israel and seeks supportof the Assyrians. Pekah reigns as king ofIsrael and invades Judah in an attempt toforce it into an alliance against Assyria.He dies in a conspiracy and is replaced byHosea, who is backed by the Assyrians.731 The Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III isforced to return home to put down a revoltin Babylon, completed in 728 B.C.E.726–697 King Hezekiah of Judah rules while undercontrol of the Assyrians. He rebels unsuccessfullyat least twice.725 King Hosea of Israel rebels against the Assyrianking Shalmaneser V, who invadesin response.722 Sargon II, son of Shalmaneser V, removesIsraelites to captivity in Mesopotamia.721–705 The Assyrian king Sargon II builds theGate of the Citadel at Khorsabad inMesopotamia. The giant carvings depicttwo winged bulls with human (male)faces.721 The Elamite king Humbanigash and theBabylonian king Merodach-baladan attackSargon II of Assyria at Der.720 The Chinese build a canal connecting theHuai and Yellow Rivers.716–702 King Shabako of Kush rules in Nubia andin Egypt.714 The Assyrian king Sargon II defeatsUrartu. His forces break the alliance ofthe southern Palestinian states with Egyptin 712 B.C.E.710 Babylonian king Merodach-baladan revoltsagainst the Assyrian king Sargon IIbut is defeated and forced into exile. Hereturns in 703 B.C.E. to reclaim the thronebut is again defeated by the Assyrians.704–681 Sennacherib of Assyria rules in Mesopotamia.702–690 King Shibitqu of Kush rules both Nubiaand Egypt.700 Celtic peoples begin settling in the IberianPeninsula.697–642 King Manasseh, son of Hezekiah, rulesJudah.690–664 King Taharqo of Kush rules in Nubia andEgypt.690 Phrygia, a Thracian city-state in Asia Minoralong the Black Sea, is attacked by theCimmerians, a people who occupy mostof the Crimea.680–669 Sennacherib’s son, Esarhaddon, becomesking of Assyria. He conquers Babylon,razes the Phoenician city of Sidon, andincorporates Egypt into his empire aftercapturing Memphis.675 Lydia, a city-state in western Anatolia,rises in power. The Lydians are creditedwith inventing coins.Arts and Humanities Through the Eras: Ancient Egypt (2675 B.C.E.–332 B.C.E.)xxiii