Through the Eras

Chronology of World Events563 Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism,is born in Kapilavastu in presentdayNepal.560 Croesus of Lydia controls Asia Minor.The Athenian statesman and lawgiverSolon dies.559–530 Cyrus the Great becomes king of Persiaand establishes the Achaemenid (Persian)Empire which lasts until 330 B.C.E.556 Nabonidus becomes king of Babylon andallies with Cyrus of Anshan, a small kingdomnorth of Babylon, against the Medes.555–542 King Malonqen of Merore rules in Nubia.551 The Chinese philosopher Confucius(K’ung Fu-tzu) is born.550 Persia expands into Anatolia under thedirection of Cyrus the Great. Within fiveyears most of the Greek cities of AsiaMinor provide tribute to the Persians.Celts expand into the British Isles andIreland.547 Cyrus the Great conquers Lydia.542–538 King Analmaaye of Meroe rules Nubia.540 Mahavira (Vardhamana), the Indian religiousruler and founder of Janism, is born.539 The Babylonian Exile ends when Cyrusthe Great captures Babylon. Persia rulesover Israel and Judah and dominatesMesopotamia.538 Cyrus the Great issues an edict to rebuildthe Temple in Jerusalem.538–519 King Amani-natake-lebte of Meroe rulesNubia.534 The Romans build the Temple of Juno.533 Cyrus the Great conquers the Indus Valleyand creates a province (satrapy).529 Cambyses II becomes Persian king uponthe death of Cyrus the Great in a battleagainst the Massagetae.525 Cambyses II conquers Egypt. The Persiansrule Egypt until 404 B.C.E.522 Darius I becomes Persian king and quellsrevolts. He divides the empire into 22provinces and completes a canal from theNile River to the Red Sea.519–510 King Karkamani of Meroe rules Nubia.510–487 King Amaniastabarqo of Meroe rulesNubia.509 The Roman Republic is founded. LuciusJunius Brutus and Lucius TarquiniusCollatinus are the first consuls. The Templeof Jupiter Optimus Maximus is builton the Capitoline Hill in Rome.506 Rome and Carthage sign a non-interferencetreaty.500–323 The Greek classical period on the Greekmainland marks a golden age for Greeceduring this period.500 Ionian Greek city-states revolt againstPersia.Bantu peoples of Africa begin migratingthroughout the continent. The Nok civilizationof West Africa (Nigeria) flourishes.496 The Romans defeat the Latins at theBattle of Lake Regillus and become theleading power in Italy.494 Roman plebeians force political reformand additional rights from the patricianclass.490 Darius II reasserts control of Macedoniabut Athens defeats the Persian Empire atthe Battle of Marathon, blocking furtherexpansion.487–468 Siaspiqa of Meroe rules Nubia.486 Roman consul Spurius Cassius Vecellinius,who had brokered a peace between theRomans and the Latin League in 493B.C.E., is accused of trying to make himselfthe king of Rome after he tries tochange agrarian laws to favor the plebeianArts and Humanities Through the Eras: Ancient Egypt (2675 B.C.E.–332 B.C.E.)xxv