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COMPENDIUM OF CONFLICTS IN <strong>UGANDA</strong> Government, Libyan President Gaddafi who supported Museveni and many dictators in Africa, Juma Oris, Ali Bamuze, Moses Ali, Yoweri Museveni, Joseph Kony, Musa Ecweru, Amin Onzi, as well as all Acholi and Langi in the UNLA military. The Tanzanian People’s Defence Forces (TPDF) and the UNLA were also castigated for overthrowing Amin and unleashing violence on the people of West Nile in revenge. Importantly, all participants mentioned past presidents, along with the current Government, as perpetrators. Victimhood was ascribed to the entire civilian population of West Nile, and of Uganda at large. “This conflict has affected all Ugandans in one way or another and that is why we must all be involved in dealing with its legacies and prevent future conflicts,” declared one participant. 258 Participants identified a number of peace builders who played a role in bringing about peace and reconciliation. The TPDF was lauded for liberating Uganda from Amin. General Tito Okello Lutwa and Col. Gad Wilson Toko were praised for forgiving Amin’s former soldiers and working to reconcile Acholi with West Nilers. Col. Toko is said to have been instrumental in a reconciliatory cleansing ritual (bending of the spear) between West Nilers and Acholi communities, in Palaro, the home of the late Brig. Okoya. This may explain the non-involvement of West Nilers, especially the youth, in counter-insurgency activities of the state in Acholi. The state is said to have attempted to play the communities against each other through resurrecting the old mutual post-Amin hatred. The Arua elders reportedly restrained their youth from killing Acholi in the name of revenge, as reconciliation between the communities had taken place. This explains the conspicuous absence of West Nile militias in the northern Uganda battlefront, save perhaps those in NRA/UPDF nominal list. 5 45. The West Nile Bank Front (1995 – 1998) The West Nile Bank Front (WNBF) was an armed rebel group which formed in Uganda’s West Nile region around 1995 under the leadership of Juma Oris, a former Foreign Minister in Idi Amin’s government and a senior commander under Moses Ali at the time of the United National Rescue Fund I (UNRF I). After the National Resistance Movement (NRM) under Museveni came to power in 1986, some former fighters of the UNRF I (1980-1985) were not given the official positions initially promised. This perceived betrayal led former UNRF I commander Juma Oris to form the WNBF in order to undermine Museveni’s control over the West Nile region. Active throughout the West Nile region from 1995-1998, the group primarily consisted of Kakwa members and recruited heavily from Arua, Moyo and Yumbe districts. In doing so, Oris is said to have greatly “capitalised on the lack of development 258 Research conducted in Arua and Adjumani Districts 120
NORTHERN CONFLICTS opportunities in the region in order to recruit members,” 259 as the initial motivation for youth joining the rebellions was the lack of economic alternatives. As an ex-combatant put it, “When we heard of WNBF we wanted to join. There was unemployment, and Juma Oris was promising us $300 each. We saw that the government wasn’t caring about us, so we joined”. 260 259 Interview with religious worker, Arua, 14th April 2004. In: Refugee Law Project. (2004) Negotiating peace: Resolution of conflicts in the Uganda’s West Nile region, RLP working paper no. 12. p. 14 260 Interview with three ex-WNBF combatants, Oraba border post, 20th April 2004. In: Refugee Law Project. (2004) Negotiating peace: Resolution of conflicts in the Uganda’s West Nile region, RLP working paper no. 12. p. 14 121
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COMPENDIUM OF CONFLICTS IN UGANDA F
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most gratef
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LIST OF ACRONYMS ADF - Allied Democ
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOREWORD LIST OF A
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30. Buganda Riots (2009) 98 31. Mab
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84. Holy Spirit Mobile Forces/Holy
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Amnesty 240 Perceived Benefits 241
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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTI
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INTRODUCTION needs which linger in
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INTRODUCTION 2. To identify and ass
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7 INTRODUCTION
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PART 2: LOOKING FORWARD INTRODUCTIO
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INTRODUCTION on perspectives and op
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THEMATIC ISSUES CHAPTER CROSS-CUTTI
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15 THEMATIC ISSUES conflict between
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that the British, during different
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THEMATIC ISSUES Participants consid
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THEMATIC ISSUES are favoured by the
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23 THEMATIC ISSUES People had no re
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THEMATIC ISSUES particular from DRC
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THEMATIC ISSUES Case study: mass di
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THEMATIC ISSUES UPDF soldiers were
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THEMATIC ISSUES single focus groups
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THEMATIC ISSUES then the buyer is e
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THEMATIC ISSUES between Adjumani an
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THEMATIC ISSUES More recent conflic
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THEMATIC ISSUES It was further argu
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THEMATIC ISSUES during the war were
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THEMATIC ISSUES many others respect
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THEMATIC ISSUES Impacts of the conf
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jobless. These were the first victi
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THEMATIC ISSUES as being a ‘divid
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THEMATIC ISSUES complained that thi
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“That is when [Obote] started usi
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THEMATIC ISSUES soldiers and insurg
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THEMATIC ISSUES lack of peace canno
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Participants looked at the problem
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS CHAPTER NATIONAL
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS LICT TIMELINE rt
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS Uganda as Britis
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS families members
Page 83 and 84: NATIONAL CONFLICTS PHASE II: Clash
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Page 91 and 92: was never carried out. NATIONAL CON
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Page 101 and 102: government. NATIONAL CONFLICTS The
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Page 105 and 106: NATIONAL CONFLICTS 23. National Res
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Page 109 and 110: are just there to take instruction?
Page 111 and 112: NATIONAL CONFLICTS by mid-1998 the
Page 113 and 114: NATIONAL CONFLICTS Mutebi II’s pl
Page 115 and 116: NATIONAL CONFLICTS who claimed that
Page 117 and 118: NATIONAL CONFLICTS people and injur
Page 119 and 120: NATIONAL CONFLICTS lives. In 2011,
Page 121 and 122: 36. Theft and robbery (Ongoing) NAT
Page 123 and 124: NORTHERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER NORTHERN
Page 125 and 126: ONFLICT TIMELINE NORTHERN CONFLICTS
Page 127 and 128: WEST NILE NORTHERN CONFLICTS The Co
Page 129 and 130: NORTHERN CONFLICTS in Zaire and sou
Page 131 and 132: NORTHERN CONFLICTS reportedly encou
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Page 137 and 138: NORTHERN CONFLICTS by the United Na
Page 139 and 140: NORTHERN CONFLICTS Major Noah Talib
Page 141 and 142: NORTHERN CONFLICTS It is further al
Page 143 and 144: KARAMOJA NORTHERN CONFLICTS The Com
Page 145 and 146: NORTHERN CONFLICTS continue to have
Page 147 and 148: NORTHERN CONFLICTS 52. NRA/UPDF vs
Page 149 and 150: ACHOLILAND NORTHERN CONFLICTS The c
Page 151 and 152: NORTHERN CONFLICTS This discord is
Page 153 and 154: NORTHERN CONFLICTS During this atte
Page 155 and 156: NORTHERN CONFLICTS 57. The Uganda P
Page 157 and 158: new constitution. 313 NORTHERN CONF
Page 159 and 160: 61. Karimojong/NRA raids (1989 - pr
Page 161 and 162: NORTHERN CONFLICTS of former Uganda
Page 163 and 164: NORTHERN CONFLICTS committed by the
Page 165 and 166: NORTHERN CONFLICTS more conventiona
Page 167 and 168: NORTHERN CONFLICTS by and did nothi
Page 169 and 170: NORTHERN CONFLICTS “With the alar
Page 171 and 172: NORTHERN CONFLICTS others forgot th
Page 173 and 174: Lango Sub - Region 159
Page 175 and 176: NORTHERN CONFLICTS During Obote’s
Page 177 and 178: NORTHERN CONFLICTS was hard to come
Page 179 and 180: EASTERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER EASTERN R
Page 181 and 182: EASTERN CONFLICTS CONFLICT TIMELINE
Page 183 and 184: EASTERN CONFLICTS conflict with nei
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EASTERN CONFLICTS no concrete steps
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EASTERN CONFLICTS In the Shana’s
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One comprehensive account of the Te
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EASTERN CONFLICTS believed that FOB
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EASTERN CONFLICTS led by Peter Otai
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EASTERN CONFLICTS population they o
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EASTERN CONFLICTS militia received
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WESTERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER WESTERN R
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WESTERN CONFLICTS ONFLICT TIMELINE
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WESTERN CONFLICTS military support
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191 WESTERN CONFLICTS
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WESTERN CONFLICTS infections are pr
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fought by the Bakonzo and Baamba et
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eventual intervention saw a relocat
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199 WESTERN CONFLICTS
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CONFLICT IN THE ANKOLE REGION WESTE
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WESTERN CONFLICTS posited that the
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WESTERN CONFLICTS 103. Land Conflic
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WESTERN CONFLICTS million barrels o
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WESTERN CONFLICTS The conflict betw
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS CHAPTER SEVEN CEN
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS CONFLICT TIMELINE
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The Counties of Buganda CENTRAL CON
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS issue remains a t
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS 1966 crisis. The
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115. The Call for Federo in Buganda
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS include these cla
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119. Uganda Freedom Movement (1980
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS Kakoza’s group
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS that while the NR
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TJ MECHANISMS CHAPTER TRANSITIONAL
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TJ MECHANISMS impunity through mech
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TJ MECHANISMS is an increase in inc
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The Challenges for Reconciliation T
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TJ MECHANISMS past harms could be a
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TJ MECHANISMS Commission, from 2000
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TJ MECHANISMS Way Forward Overall,
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TJ MECHANISMS and economic abuses t
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TJ MECHANISMS “Justice has not be
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TJ MECHANISMS law, especially relat
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elated to human rights violations a
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TJ MECHANISMS The Agreement provide
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econstituted. 670 TJ MECHANISMS Per
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TJ MECHANISMS Complementarity with
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who have received compensation. 711
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TJ MECHANISMS therapeutic services
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TJ MECHANISMS youth, which leads to
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TJ MECHANISMS peaceful future. 770
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TJ MECHANISMS The second category o
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TJ MECHANISMS equitably to all regi
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TJ MECHANISMS Parliament Recommenda
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TJ MECHANISMS Education In the educ
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TJ MECHANISMS drought or flooding c
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277
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8. The Bill is based on the princip
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has powers to co-opt experts in hum
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Schedule three deals with oaths of
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A Bill for an Act ENTITLED THE NATI
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6. Selection Committee (1) Parliame
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ased on factual and objective infor
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15. Executive Secretary (1) The Exe
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take into account - (a) the nature
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34. Commission to be self-accountin
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(4) The Commission shall publish a
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Commission, the Inter Religious Cou
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301
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Commission of Inquiry into the Disa
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ANNEX 3: LIST OF PICTURES Chapter 1
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20. NRA rebel leader Yoweri Museven
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Bulambuli District [Vision Group] 3
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ANNEX 4: INDEX Abolition of Kingdom
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238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245,
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57, 58, 60, 76, 80, 89, 90, 91, 92,
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317
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UGANDA

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