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COMPENDIUM OF CONFLICTS IN <strong>UGANDA</strong> physical and psychological impacts related to these conflicts. 502 These long-standing accountability gaps are believed to be promoting impunity, 503 as well as fuelling public bitterness. 504 Corruption in the formal justice system and an absence of proactive reforms and witness protection schemes contribute to impunity. 505 Obstacles in the judiciary, especially perceptions of biases in the prosecutorial process, further limit the willingness of individuals to come forward and seek justice. 506 Due to these challenges, many perpetrators evade accountability. 507 One response to continued perpetrator impunity 502 Research conducted in Bulambuli District 503 Research conducted in Nakasongola District 504 Research conducted in Bulambuli District 505 Research conducted in Soroti District 506 Research conducted in Hoima District 507 Research conducted in Bulambuli and Nakasongola Districts 234
TJ MECHANISMS is an increase in incidents of mob justice. 508 As victims continue to suffer, accountability for human rights abuses and resulting destabilisation of the country is essential. 509 While participants acknowledged that ensuring accountability is particularly difficult with regard to senior politicians and leaders, they stated that those responsible must be held to account through the appropriate mechanisms, be they rebels, Government officials or civilians. 510 Means of Accountability Participants’ views on how accountability could be achieved in Uganda ranged beyond criminal prosecutions alone to encompass a broad and varied spectrum of transitional justice mechanisms. Most participants throughout Uganda see the award of reparations as a key component of accountability. In some districts, participants described how promises made to communities remain unfulfilled. 511,512 Suggestions included the restitution of looted property and drawing upon the resources of the perpetrators. 513 Participants in Nakasongola district, for example, specified that President Museveni should provide compensation specifically for the loss of lives and property during the NRA Bush War. 514 Participants further believed that reparations would be enhanced by apologies that victims saw as genuine. 515 Participants also regarded just prosecutions as a form of accountability, but argued that a lack of independence in the judicial process facilitates the evasion of justice by perpetrators. 516 Some said that Joseph Kony should be criminally prosecuted for LRA crimes committed under his command. 517 Likewise, they argued, other rebel leaders, former rebels who currently hold Government positions, and corrupt officials should be held to account, and the property of the latter should be confiscated. 518 The pervasive demand for accountability does not remain confined to prosecutorial justice but also encompasses reconciliation. 519 In northern Uganda, for example, where atrocities were committed on all sides of the conflict, participants felt that both Joseph Kony and the current Government should accept their responsibility, apologise openly, repent and ask for forgiveness. 520 Apologies can thus be seen as a central component of accountability. Furthermore, in the eyes of communities, truth-telling mechanisms are one of the key and acceptable forms of accountability, because truth-telling facilitates the acceptance of responsibility for one’s actions. 521 Institutional reform was another mechanism that 508 Research conducted in Hoima District 509 Research conducted in Hoima and Mukono Districts 510 Research conducted in Mukono, Kitgum and Nakapiripirit Districts 511 Research conducted in Nakasongola District 512 Research conducted in Hoima District 513 Research conducted in Mukono District 514 Research conducted in Nakasongola District 515 Research conducted in Hoima and Soroti Districts 516 Research conducted in Soroti District 517 Research conducted in Nakasongola District 518 Research conducted in Nakasongola and Mukono Districts 519 Research conducted in Soroti District 520 Research conducted in Adjumani District 521 Research conducted in Mukono and Hoima Districts 235
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COMPENDIUM OF CONFLICTS IN UGANDA F
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most gratef
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LIST OF ACRONYMS ADF - Allied Democ
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOREWORD LIST OF A
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30. Buganda Riots (2009) 98 31. Mab
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84. Holy Spirit Mobile Forces/Holy
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Amnesty 240 Perceived Benefits 241
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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTI
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INTRODUCTION needs which linger in
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INTRODUCTION 2. To identify and ass
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7 INTRODUCTION
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PART 2: LOOKING FORWARD INTRODUCTIO
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INTRODUCTION on perspectives and op
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THEMATIC ISSUES CHAPTER CROSS-CUTTI
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15 THEMATIC ISSUES conflict between
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that the British, during different
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THEMATIC ISSUES Participants consid
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THEMATIC ISSUES are favoured by the
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23 THEMATIC ISSUES People had no re
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THEMATIC ISSUES particular from DRC
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THEMATIC ISSUES Case study: mass di
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THEMATIC ISSUES UPDF soldiers were
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THEMATIC ISSUES single focus groups
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THEMATIC ISSUES then the buyer is e
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THEMATIC ISSUES between Adjumani an
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THEMATIC ISSUES More recent conflic
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THEMATIC ISSUES It was further argu
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THEMATIC ISSUES during the war were
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THEMATIC ISSUES many others respect
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THEMATIC ISSUES Impacts of the conf
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jobless. These were the first victi
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THEMATIC ISSUES as being a ‘divid
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THEMATIC ISSUES complained that thi
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“That is when [Obote] started usi
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THEMATIC ISSUES soldiers and insurg
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THEMATIC ISSUES lack of peace canno
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Participants looked at the problem
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS CHAPTER NATIONAL
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS LICT TIMELINE rt
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS Uganda as Britis
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS families members
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS PHASE II: Clash
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This sentiment resembles a motion p
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS also strained re
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS pre-Independence
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was never carried out. NATIONAL CON
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS 1971, Amin took
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS participants fro
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19. Liberation War to Overthrow Ami
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS Conference in 19
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government. NATIONAL CONFLICTS The
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS that people from
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS 23. National Res
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS to the insecurit
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are just there to take instruction?
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS by mid-1998 the
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS Mutebi II’s pl
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS who claimed that
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS people and injur
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS lives. In 2011,
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36. Theft and robbery (Ongoing) NAT
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER NORTHERN
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ONFLICT TIMELINE NORTHERN CONFLICTS
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WEST NILE NORTHERN CONFLICTS The Co
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS in Zaire and sou
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS reportedly encou
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS After Tito Okell
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS opportunities in
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS by the United Na
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS Major Noah Talib
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS It is further al
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KARAMOJA NORTHERN CONFLICTS The Com
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS continue to have
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS 52. NRA/UPDF vs
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ACHOLILAND NORTHERN CONFLICTS The c
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS This discord is
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS During this atte
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS 57. The Uganda P
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new constitution. 313 NORTHERN CONF
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61. Karimojong/NRA raids (1989 - pr
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS of former Uganda
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS committed by the
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS more conventiona
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS by and did nothi
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS “With the alar
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS others forgot th
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Lango Sub - Region 159
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS During Obote’s
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NORTHERN CONFLICTS was hard to come
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EASTERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER EASTERN R
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EASTERN CONFLICTS CONFLICT TIMELINE
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EASTERN CONFLICTS conflict with nei
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EASTERN CONFLICTS no concrete steps
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EASTERN CONFLICTS In the Shana’s
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One comprehensive account of the Te
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EASTERN CONFLICTS believed that FOB
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EASTERN CONFLICTS led by Peter Otai
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EASTERN CONFLICTS population they o
Page 197 and 198: EASTERN CONFLICTS militia received
Page 199 and 200: WESTERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER WESTERN R
Page 201 and 202: WESTERN CONFLICTS ONFLICT TIMELINE
Page 203 and 204: WESTERN CONFLICTS military support
Page 205 and 206: 191 WESTERN CONFLICTS
Page 207 and 208: WESTERN CONFLICTS infections are pr
Page 209 and 210: fought by the Bakonzo and Baamba et
Page 211 and 212: eventual intervention saw a relocat
Page 213 and 214: 199 WESTERN CONFLICTS
Page 215 and 216: CONFLICT IN THE ANKOLE REGION WESTE
Page 217 and 218: WESTERN CONFLICTS posited that the
Page 219 and 220: WESTERN CONFLICTS 103. Land Conflic
Page 221 and 222: WESTERN CONFLICTS million barrels o
Page 223 and 224: WESTERN CONFLICTS The conflict betw
Page 225 and 226: CENTRAL CONFLICTS CHAPTER SEVEN CEN
Page 227 and 228: CENTRAL CONFLICTS CONFLICT TIMELINE
Page 229 and 230: The Counties of Buganda CENTRAL CON
Page 231 and 232: CENTRAL CONFLICTS issue remains a t
Page 233 and 234: CENTRAL CONFLICTS 1966 crisis. The
Page 235 and 236: 115. The Call for Federo in Buganda
Page 237 and 238: CENTRAL CONFLICTS include these cla
Page 239 and 240: 119. Uganda Freedom Movement (1980
Page 241 and 242: CENTRAL CONFLICTS Kakoza’s group
Page 243 and 244: CENTRAL CONFLICTS that while the NR
Page 245 and 246: TJ MECHANISMS CHAPTER TRANSITIONAL
Page 247: TJ MECHANISMS impunity through mech
Page 251 and 252: The Challenges for Reconciliation T
Page 253 and 254: TJ MECHANISMS past harms could be a
Page 255 and 256: TJ MECHANISMS Commission, from 2000
Page 257 and 258: TJ MECHANISMS Way Forward Overall,
Page 259 and 260: TJ MECHANISMS and economic abuses t
Page 261 and 262: TJ MECHANISMS “Justice has not be
Page 263 and 264: TJ MECHANISMS law, especially relat
Page 265 and 266: elated to human rights violations a
Page 267 and 268: TJ MECHANISMS The Agreement provide
Page 269 and 270: econstituted. 670 TJ MECHANISMS Per
Page 271 and 272: TJ MECHANISMS Complementarity with
Page 273 and 274: who have received compensation. 711
Page 275 and 276: TJ MECHANISMS therapeutic services
Page 277 and 278: TJ MECHANISMS youth, which leads to
Page 279 and 280: TJ MECHANISMS peaceful future. 770
Page 281 and 282: TJ MECHANISMS The second category o
Page 283 and 284: TJ MECHANISMS equitably to all regi
Page 285 and 286: TJ MECHANISMS Parliament Recommenda
Page 287 and 288: TJ MECHANISMS Education In the educ
Page 289 and 290: TJ MECHANISMS drought or flooding c
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Page 293 and 294: 8. The Bill is based on the princip
Page 295 and 296: has powers to co-opt experts in hum
Page 297 and 298: Schedule three deals with oaths of
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A Bill for an Act ENTITLED THE NATI
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6. Selection Committee (1) Parliame
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ased on factual and objective infor
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15. Executive Secretary (1) The Exe
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take into account - (a) the nature
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34. Commission to be self-accountin
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(4) The Commission shall publish a
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Commission, the Inter Religious Cou
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301
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Commission of Inquiry into the Disa
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ANNEX 3: LIST OF PICTURES Chapter 1
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20. NRA rebel leader Yoweri Museven
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Bulambuli District [Vision Group] 3
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ANNEX 4: INDEX Abolition of Kingdom
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238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245,
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57, 58, 60, 76, 80, 89, 90, 91, 92,
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317
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