UGANDA

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COMPENDIUM OF CONFLICTS IN <strong>UGANDA</strong> ACHOLILAND Post-1986 Conflicts After Yoweri Museveni’s take-over, the northern region, particularly Acholiland, was plunged into conflict and violence. In effect, the war that was fought in the Luwero Triangle did not stop but continued, albeit in a different location and with a rebel group turned national army. When the NRA crossed the river Nile, a range of insurgent groups emerged, including the Uganda People’s Democratic Army, the Holy Spirit Mobile Forces and, most notoriously, the Lord’s Resistance Army. 56. NRA/UPDF war against citizens in the North (1986 - 2006) When the National Resistance Army (NRA) captured state power from Tito Okello Lutwa in 1986, they embarked on what the participants described as ‘a war on the citizens in northern Uganda’ as a way of seeking vengeance over alleged atrocities committed by the former Northerner-led Governments (the regimes of Tito Okello and Milton Obote). Participants described how NRA commanders such as the late Colonel Reuben Ikondere ordered the killing and torture of significant numbers of civilians and former soldiers in Kitgum District (for example, in Palabek Kal and Namukora sub-counties). 306 The NRA’s Operation Fagia (meaning “to sweep”), led by General Salim Saleh, half-brother to the President, began in 1988 with an ultimatum to the civilian population in Gulu District to leave their villages. They were ordered to move to camps in Sir Samuel Baker School, Pece Division, Gulu Municipality and Bungatira sub-county within 48 hours. This would become the site of the first encampment in Acholiland commanded by the NRA/M Government. Participants recounted that before the 24 hours elapsed, the NRA started torturing and killing civilians as they ran to the designated camps. According to an eyewitness, NRA soldiers threw bombs on villages that they suspected would not heed the ultimatum to relocate to the camps in 1988. 307 306 Research conducted in Kitgum District 307 Supra note 67 138
NORTHERN CONFLICTS During this attempt to sweep away former Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) fighters and their supporters in northern Uganda, NRA soldiers committed atrocities including the widespread rape of men (tek gungu), defecating in food and drinking water, burning houses in villages under the pretext of clearing fighting ground, mass arrests of civilian suspects, killings and massacres (for example in Bucoro Village, Awach sub-county, Gulu District, where arrested civilians were suffocated to death or buried alive). Similar incidents are also said to have taken place in Anaka sub-county (present Amuru District), Alero and Koch-Goma sub-counties (present Nwoya District), and many other areas of northern Uganda 308 308 Research conducted in Gulu District 139
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COMPENDIUM OF CONFLICTS IN UGANDA F
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most gratef
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LIST OF ACRONYMS ADF - Allied Democ
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOREWORD LIST OF A
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30. Buganda Riots (2009) 98 31. Mab
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84. Holy Spirit Mobile Forces/Holy
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Amnesty 240 Perceived Benefits 241
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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTI
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INTRODUCTION needs which linger in
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INTRODUCTION 2. To identify and ass
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7 INTRODUCTION
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PART 2: LOOKING FORWARD INTRODUCTIO
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INTRODUCTION on perspectives and op
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THEMATIC ISSUES CHAPTER CROSS-CUTTI
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15 THEMATIC ISSUES conflict between
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that the British, during different
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THEMATIC ISSUES Participants consid
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THEMATIC ISSUES are favoured by the
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23 THEMATIC ISSUES People had no re
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THEMATIC ISSUES particular from DRC
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THEMATIC ISSUES Case study: mass di
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THEMATIC ISSUES UPDF soldiers were
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THEMATIC ISSUES single focus groups
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THEMATIC ISSUES then the buyer is e
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THEMATIC ISSUES between Adjumani an
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THEMATIC ISSUES More recent conflic
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THEMATIC ISSUES It was further argu
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THEMATIC ISSUES during the war were
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THEMATIC ISSUES many others respect
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THEMATIC ISSUES Impacts of the conf
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jobless. These were the first victi
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THEMATIC ISSUES as being a ‘divid
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THEMATIC ISSUES complained that thi
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“That is when [Obote] started usi
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THEMATIC ISSUES soldiers and insurg
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THEMATIC ISSUES lack of peace canno
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Participants looked at the problem
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS CHAPTER NATIONAL
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS LICT TIMELINE rt
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS Uganda as Britis
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS families members
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS PHASE II: Clash
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This sentiment resembles a motion p
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS also strained re
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS pre-Independence
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was never carried out. NATIONAL CON
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS 1971, Amin took
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS participants fro
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19. Liberation War to Overthrow Ami
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NATIONAL CONFLICTS Conference in 19
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Page 113 and 114: NATIONAL CONFLICTS Mutebi II’s pl
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Page 123 and 124: NORTHERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER NORTHERN
Page 125 and 126: ONFLICT TIMELINE NORTHERN CONFLICTS
Page 127 and 128: WEST NILE NORTHERN CONFLICTS The Co
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Page 139 and 140: NORTHERN CONFLICTS Major Noah Talib
Page 141 and 142: NORTHERN CONFLICTS It is further al
Page 143 and 144: KARAMOJA NORTHERN CONFLICTS The Com
Page 145 and 146: NORTHERN CONFLICTS continue to have
Page 147 and 148: NORTHERN CONFLICTS 52. NRA/UPDF vs
Page 149 and 150: ACHOLILAND NORTHERN CONFLICTS The c
Page 151: NORTHERN CONFLICTS This discord is
Page 155 and 156: NORTHERN CONFLICTS 57. The Uganda P
Page 157 and 158: new constitution. 313 NORTHERN CONF
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Page 161 and 162: NORTHERN CONFLICTS of former Uganda
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Page 165 and 166: NORTHERN CONFLICTS more conventiona
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Page 169 and 170: NORTHERN CONFLICTS “With the alar
Page 171 and 172: NORTHERN CONFLICTS others forgot th
Page 173 and 174: Lango Sub - Region 159
Page 175 and 176: NORTHERN CONFLICTS During Obote’s
Page 177 and 178: NORTHERN CONFLICTS was hard to come
Page 179 and 180: EASTERN CONFLICTS CHAPTER EASTERN R
Page 181 and 182: EASTERN CONFLICTS CONFLICT TIMELINE
Page 183 and 184: EASTERN CONFLICTS conflict with nei
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Page 187 and 188: EASTERN CONFLICTS In the Shana’s
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Page 193 and 194: EASTERN CONFLICTS led by Peter Otai
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Page 201 and 202: WESTERN CONFLICTS ONFLICT TIMELINE
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WESTERN CONFLICTS military support
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191 WESTERN CONFLICTS
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WESTERN CONFLICTS infections are pr
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fought by the Bakonzo and Baamba et
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eventual intervention saw a relocat
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199 WESTERN CONFLICTS
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CONFLICT IN THE ANKOLE REGION WESTE
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WESTERN CONFLICTS posited that the
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WESTERN CONFLICTS 103. Land Conflic
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WESTERN CONFLICTS million barrels o
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WESTERN CONFLICTS The conflict betw
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS CHAPTER SEVEN CEN
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS CONFLICT TIMELINE
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The Counties of Buganda CENTRAL CON
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS issue remains a t
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS 1966 crisis. The
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115. The Call for Federo in Buganda
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS include these cla
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119. Uganda Freedom Movement (1980
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS Kakoza’s group
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CENTRAL CONFLICTS that while the NR
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TJ MECHANISMS CHAPTER TRANSITIONAL
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TJ MECHANISMS impunity through mech
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TJ MECHANISMS is an increase in inc
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The Challenges for Reconciliation T
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TJ MECHANISMS past harms could be a
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TJ MECHANISMS Commission, from 2000
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TJ MECHANISMS Way Forward Overall,
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TJ MECHANISMS and economic abuses t
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TJ MECHANISMS “Justice has not be
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TJ MECHANISMS law, especially relat
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elated to human rights violations a
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TJ MECHANISMS The Agreement provide
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econstituted. 670 TJ MECHANISMS Per
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TJ MECHANISMS Complementarity with
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who have received compensation. 711
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TJ MECHANISMS therapeutic services
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TJ MECHANISMS youth, which leads to
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TJ MECHANISMS peaceful future. 770
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TJ MECHANISMS The second category o
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TJ MECHANISMS equitably to all regi
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TJ MECHANISMS Parliament Recommenda
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TJ MECHANISMS Education In the educ
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TJ MECHANISMS drought or flooding c
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277
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8. The Bill is based on the princip
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has powers to co-opt experts in hum
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Schedule three deals with oaths of
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A Bill for an Act ENTITLED THE NATI
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6. Selection Committee (1) Parliame
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ased on factual and objective infor
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15. Executive Secretary (1) The Exe
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take into account - (a) the nature
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34. Commission to be self-accountin
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(4) The Commission shall publish a
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Commission, the Inter Religious Cou
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301
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Commission of Inquiry into the Disa
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ANNEX 3: LIST OF PICTURES Chapter 1
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20. NRA rebel leader Yoweri Museven
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Bulambuli District [Vision Group] 3
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ANNEX 4: INDEX Abolition of Kingdom
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238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245,
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57, 58, 60, 76, 80, 89, 90, 91, 92,
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317
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