DR Medhat MRCP

B. Whole killed organism (= inactivated preparations):
Rabies. 1.
) ‏)كى = كلب + 2. Influenza.
C. Detoxified exotoxins
Tetanus
D. Fragment/Extracts of the organism or virus ( or by recombinant DNA technology)
1. Diphtheria.
vaccine). 2. Pertussis ('acellular'
دبح 3. Heptitis B.
4. Meningococcus, pneumococcus, hemophilus
انفلوانزا
تطعيمات الحج
E. Others (of different types).
1. Influenza: different types are available.
2. Cholera: contains inactivated Inaba and Ogawa strains of Vibrio cholerae
together with recombinant B-subunit of the cholera toxin.
3. Hepatitis B: contains HBsAg adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and is
prepared from yeast cells using recombinant DNA technology.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
A. Hepatitis A
- Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIG) or hepatitis A vaccine.
B. Hepatitis B (risk of transmission with single needle stick injury 20-30%)
Exposed person
known to be responder to
HBV vaccine
Exposure to known +ve
source
Booster dose of vaccine
should be given
Exposure to unknown source
Booster dose of vaccine
should be given
Non-responder HBIG + Vaccine HBIG + Vaccine
In the process of being
vaccinated
Neoborn of HBV mother
HBIG + accelerate Vaccine
accelerate the course of
vaccine
HBIG + Vaccine
C. Hepatitis C (risk 0.5-2%)
- Monthly PCR - if seroconversion then interferon +/- ribavirin
D. HIV (risk 0.3 %)
- A combination of oral antiretrovirals (e.g. Tenofovir, emtricitabine, lopinavir and
ritonavir) as soon as possible (i.e. Within 1-2 hours, but may be started up to 72
hours following exposure) for 4 weeks.
- Serological testing at 12 weeks following completion of post-exposure prophylaxis
- Risk of transmission by 80%.
E. Varicella zoster : VZIG for IgG –ve pregnant women/immunosuppressed patient.
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