DR Medhat MRCP

Cytokines produced by different kinds of T-cells
T-cell CD4(helper)Th1 CD4(helper)Th2 CD8(cytotoxic)
Function
Cytokines
Delayed
hypersensitivity
1- INF-ϒ
2- TGF-β
3- IL-2
Clusters of differentiation(CD) :
Allergy,atopy , Antibody
production
1- IL-4
2- IL-5
3- IL-6
4- IL-10
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سؤال هام
Cytotoxic killing
1- INF
2- GM-CSF
(granulocyte-macrophage
colony stimulating factor)
o Is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface
molecules providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells.
o Physiologically, CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as
receptors or ligands (the molecule that activates a receptor) important to
the cell signaling.
o Some CD proteins do not play a role in cell signaling, but have other
functions, such as cell adhesion.
Major clusters of differentiation
CD1 o HLA
CD2
CD3
CD4
CD8
molecule that presents lipid molecules.
o Found on thymocytes, T cells, and some natural killer cells.
o Acts as a ligand for CD58 and CD59 and is involved in signal transduction and
cell adhesion.
o Expressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma
- The signaling component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex.
o Co-receptor for MHC Class II; also a receptor used by HIV to enter T cells
o Co-receptor for MHC Class I; also found on a subset of myeloid dendritic cells
CD14 o Found on macrophages & binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
CD20 o Found on B cells that forms a calcium channel in the cell membrane allowing
for the influx of calcium required for cell activation.
o Expressed in B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, and B-cell chronic
lymphocytic leukemia.
o Important for therapy of those diseases, as an antibody against CD20 exists:
Rituximab
Antibody(=immunoglobulin ‘Ig’ structure & function :
o Each Ab is y-shaped protein structure made of :
1- Two heavy chains bounded together by disulphide bonds.
2- Two light chains
o Each chain is formed of constant region & variable region.