DR Medhat MRCP

• Causes
Multiple sclerosis
DM
Syphilis
• Features
1V. Optic neuritis
Unilateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or
days.
Poor discrimination of colours, 'red desaturation'
Pain worse on eye movement
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Central scotoma
• Investigations :
MRI
Fundus examinations
• Management
High-dose steroids
• Prognosis
Recovery usually takes 4-6 weeks of steroid TTT.
if > 3 white-matter lesions, 5-year risk of developing multiple sclerosis is 50%.
V. Optic atrophy
- It is seen as pale, well demarcated disc on fundoscopy.
- It is usually bilateral and causes a gradual loss of vision*.
• Causes :
A. Acquired causes :
1. Multiple sclerosis
2. Papilloedema (longstanding)
3. Raised intraocular pressure (e.g. glaucoma, tumour)
4. Retinal damage (e.g. choroiditis, retinitis pigmentosa)
5. Ischaemia.
6. Toxins: tobacco amblyopia, quinine, methanol, arsenic, lead
7. Nutritional: vitamin B1, B2, B6 and B12 deficiency
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