BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

Chapter 6
Table of Contents
RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS ................................................................................................6-1
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................6-1
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY .........................................................................................................................6-1
Properties of Sedimentary Rocks .................................................................................................6-2
Genesis of Sedimentary Rocks (Particles)..................................................................................6-2
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks............................................................................................6-3
Porosity and Permeability ..............................................................................................................6-4
Classification of Porosity ............................................................................................................6-5
Reservoir Fluids...............................................................................................................................6-6
Reservoir Fluid Types.................................................................................................................6-6
Physical Properties of Reservoir Fluids ...................................................................................6-8
Petroleum Reservoirs ...................................................................................................................6-10
Sandstone Reservoirs ..............................................................................................................6-12
Carbonate Reservoir Rocks.....................................................................................................6-12
Reservoir Traps .............................................................................................................................6-13
Structural ....................................................................................................................................6-14
Stratigraphic ...............................................................................................................................6-14
Combination Trap......................................................................................................................6-15
FORMATION DAMAGE AND PROTECTION MECHANISMS....................................................................6-16
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................6-16
Formation Damage Mechanisms................................................................................................6-16
Formation Protection ....................................................................................................................6-20
DRILL-IN FLUIDS..................................................................................................................................6-21
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................6-21
PERFFLOW ® System ...................................................................................................................6-22
PERFFLOW Systems Application ..........................................................................................6-23
Standard Systems Formulation...............................................................................................6-23
Displacement .............................................................................................................................6-24
Open Hole Displacement for Completion ..............................................................................6-24
General Guidelines ...................................................................................................................6-24
PERFFLOW Systems: General Engineering Guidelines ....................................................6-25
CLEAR-DRILL ® Fluids..................................................................................................................6-28
Introduction.................................................................................................................................6-28
Function of Formates................................................................................................................6-29
Description of System Components .......................................................................................6-31
BIO-LOSE 90 SYSTEM................................................................................................................6-35
Introduction.................................................................................................................................6-35
Rheological Properties .............................................................................................................6-35
Filtration Control ........................................................................................................................6-35
Reservoir Considerations.........................................................................................................6-36
Fluid Density ..............................................................................................................................6-36
Directional Tools........................................................................................................................6-36
Recommended Fluid Properties .............................................................................................6-36
OMNIFLOW ® DIF SYSTEM.........................................................................................................6-36