BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Fluid Analysis Analysis of oilfield completion fluids is performed using a variety of equipment including turbidity meters, laboratory centrifuges, laser particle counters and infra-red spectrophotometers. BHDF FES offshore filtration engineers are all trained in the operation of the above equipment and prepare reports required by the operation. Waste Water Treatment BHDF FES is developing a method for removing solids, hydrocarbons and chemicals from waste water contaminated with oil based drilling fluid water so that the water quality will satisfy regulatory discharge levels for disposal. The process involves the use of a decanter centrifuge, a high speed disk stack centrifuge, settling tanks and fine filtration, whilst testing will include solids, hydrocarbons, chemical oxygen demand and pH. Filtration Equipment Technical Information Diatomaceous Earth Filtration Filter Press Systems A diatomaceous earth filter press works on the principle of starting with a significantly large surface area onto which a permeable filter cake is built until the internal plate recesses are completely filled with the filter cake, at which point the plates are then opened for cleaning of fluids. A diatomaceous earth unit usually requires two filtration engineers on any shift to operate but has the advantage of being able to filter large volumes of fluids with a high solids loading. The surface areas of typical diatomaceous earth units range from 600 sq. ft. to 1200 sq. ft. and in many cases two units are used in order to maintain a constant supply of filtered completion fluid. The process starts with the filter plate screens being pre-coated in order to build the initial filtration surface. The function of the screens is not to act as a filter, but rather to provide a surface onto which a pre-coat cake of diatomaceous earth may be built. The pre-coat, consisting of a diatomaceous earth slurry is circulated through the filter press via a separate tank (slurry tank) until the diatomaceous earth is retained on the screens and the base fluid begins to return to the slurry tank in a clear state. Once complete (usually around 5-10 minutes), the filter press is ready to receive the feed of dirty fluid for filtration. The solids typically found in completion fluids are barite and clay which can build up a nonpermeable cake and blind the filter press screens very quickly. In order to counter this effect, a volume of body feed or diatomaceous earth slurry is also injected into the dirty fluid upstream of the filter press so that the filter cake maintains a level of permeability. The quantity of body feed is adjusted according to the level of solids in the feed fluid. The higher the solids in the feed, the more body feed required to maintain the permeability. The importance of a good pre-coat and body feed cannot be over emphasized, and becomes very apparent when a badly prepared filter press is prematurely blocked at a critical time during a gravel pack or wellbore clean-up job. A good pre-coat prevents the barite and clays from coming into contact with the screens, and enables the cake to be removed easily when cleaning. When used correctly, diatomaceous earth filtration systems are the best choice for wellbore clean-up and gravel packing jobs. • Used for brine filtration with heavy barite or clay solids loadings. BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS REFERENCE MANUAL REVISION 2006 14-54
FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • Can convert highly contaminated fluids to clear fluids efficiently. • Economic first pass filtration for high volumes. • Used in conjunction with downstream cartridge type ‘polishing’ unit. Filter Press Unit Technical Specifications DNV 2.7-1 Certified Lifting Frame Si ze of plates 1200mm x 1200mm Surface area up to 1200 sq ft Number of plates 36 - 48 Inlet 4 inch Outlet 4 inch D imensions and Weight 4.8m x 1.6m x 2.2m Weight 8,000kg Flow Capacity 2 to 12 bbl/min (depending on feed pressure and feed quality) Maximum Working Pressure 7 bar Utility requirements Rig air (for opening and closing ram) Rig feed Pump. Integrated Pre-Coat Slurry Mixing Tank Pre-coating a Filter Press BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS REFERENCE MANUAL REVISION 2006 14-55
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Drilling Fluids Reference Manual Ch
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Chapter 1 Table of Contents Fundame
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Return
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Fundamentals of Drilling Fluids Cha
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Contro
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Physic
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Newton
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Figure
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Contin
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The fl
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids As def
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Table
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Gel St
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids drilli
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Time T
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Then,
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Low-Gr
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The pH
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Exampl
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Using
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Drill-
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids MBT (M
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids At dif
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Primar
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Nomenc
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Formation Mechanics Chapter Two For
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Table of Contents List of Figures F
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Formation Mechanics • 3 million g
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Formation Mechanics Hydration Mecha
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Formation Mechanics Attapulgite Fig
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Formation Mechanics in the outer si
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Formation Mechanics • Calcareous
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Formation Mechanics called “bio
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Formation Mechanics Reservoir Press
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Formation Mechanics Selecting the p
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Formation Mechanics Figure 2-12 Pho
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Water-Based Drilling Fluids Chapter
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Figure 3-7 The Sodium Chloride Stru
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Water-base Drilling Fluids Chapter
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Atomic
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Isotop
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Atoms
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Proper
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Solubi
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wettin
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The re
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Chemic
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids attrac
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids For a
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Gradua
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Theref
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Conven
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids With g
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids above
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids revers
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids of add
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids of ava
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Mist D
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids potass
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Comple
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 6. Fil
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Defloc
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Calciu
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids levels
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Filtra
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids weight
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Standa
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids GLYCOL
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Salt C
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids pressu
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Filter
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids System
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids • Pr
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids AQUA-D
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids . Tabl
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Seawat
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 6. Pou
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 5. Rin
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids PERFOR
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids • Th
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids densit
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Equipm
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 3. Wit
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Refere
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Chapter Four Contamination of Water
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Contamination of Water-Base Muds Ch
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids saltwa
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Oven t
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Carbon
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The te
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids treatm
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids when a
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Chapter 5 Table of Contents Oil / S
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Solids
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids 3. Lubricity
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids returns may
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids the area of
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids charged (rep
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Ions surroun
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Surface ener
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids to form oil
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids As indicated
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Oil Density
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids As the conce
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids lower pH. Th
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids One of the m
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Amine Lignit
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids The MAGMA-TE
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids System Maint
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids CARBO-MUL ®
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids CARBO-TEC ®
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids CARBO-VIS C
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids MAGMA-TROL
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids OMNI-MUL ®
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids OMNI-TROL /
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids 8. Do not us
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Solids contr
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Figure 5-22
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Salts Since
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-28 C
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-34 F
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-36 P
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-38 F
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Metric Conve
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Metric Conve
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids • Metric C
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Reservoir Application Fluids Chapte
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TABLE OF CONTENTS System Benefits..
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE 6 - 19 PREP
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS In pet
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Figure
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Clays
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Conden
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The Sh
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Struct
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS contai
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS throat
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS soluti
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS tested
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS • 0.
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Under-
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Typica
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Compar
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS CLEAR-
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 1.20 S
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Reserv
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Densit
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS of 5%
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The te
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Brine
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Theref
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 6. Amo
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The ta
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 1 Perc
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Formul
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Metric
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Exampl
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Conver
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Exampl
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Densit
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Table
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Proper
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 50 Pou
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 220 50
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS These
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The ob
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Numero
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Run th
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Water-
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS select
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Choke
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Turbul
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS End of
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS • Pr
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS BAKER
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS well i
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Fluid
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Lab Va
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Progra
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS • Pu
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS REFERE
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Chapter 7 Table of Contents BOREHOL
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS BOREHOLE PROBLEMS
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Competent Formati
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • Allow for inc
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS When shales react
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • An unplanned
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Should the pipe b
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS dispersion. The e
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Figure 7 - 4 Mech
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • High salt con
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Polyglycol Shale
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS LOSS OF CIRCULATI
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • Use of fluid
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS If water-absorbin
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS 2. Mix slurry vol
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Slurry Volume (bb
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS accelerator is av
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • Elimination o
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS S = pressure exis
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Grogan Technique
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Fluid Density (lb
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS V w = ⎡ C Ph
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Fluid Density Ins
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS OMNI-LUBE is an e
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Drilling Fluid Pr
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Flash Point When
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Planning The succ
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS 16. Dye, B. et al
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Chapter 8 Table of Contents CORROSI
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CORROSION CORROSION Chapter 8 Corro
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CORROSION Cathode Anode 1st Step O
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CORROSION 1. Source - Formations ar
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CORROSION 7. Recommended Treatment
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CORROSION Factors Coupon Dimensions
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CORROSION Film-Forming Amines O.D.
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CORROSION are (1) to inhibit corros
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CORROSION 2200 2000 Conductance Mho
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CORROSION Figure 8- 3 Oxygen Solubi
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Chapter Nine Hydraulics Hydraulics
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures F
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HYDRAULICS required to do this is m
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HYDRAULICS the Bingham Plastic, Pow
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HYDRAULICS Figure 9 - 6 Application
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HYDRAULICS model is generally accep
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HYDRAULICS each portion of the circ
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HYDRAULICS μ ep = effective viscos
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HYDRAULICS Then solve for Q c , whe
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HYDRAULICS ρ = fluid density, lb m
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HYDRAULICS where: P n = total press
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HYDRAULICS where: 2 2 1/2 1303.797
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HYDRAULICS where: V p = -----------
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HYDRAULICS The ability of a drillin
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HYDRAULICS ρ = fluid density, lb m
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HYDRAULICS SUMMARY SM ADVANTAGE Eng
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HYDRAULICS Figure 9 - 11 Well Schem
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HYDRAULICS 4. Calculate the Reynold
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HYDRAULICS 24 f a = -------- Re a =
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HYDRAULICS Exercise: Calculate the
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HYDRAULICS NOMENCLATURE A t C C a D
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HYDRAULICS REFERENCES 1. ADVANTAGE
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Chapter 10 Table of Contents MECHAN
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL • Speci
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Figure 10
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Dispersio
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL oil fluid
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Test Siev
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Fluid (Mu
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL for high-
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL RMS Centr
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL NOMENCLAT
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Chapter 11 Table of Contents HORIZO
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HORIZONTAL AND EXTENDED REACH DRILL
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Pressure Prediction and Control Cha
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Procedure for Pre
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Cha
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Abn
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL inc
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Pre
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Pre
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL DRI
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL The
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Cha
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL •
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Fig
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL in
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL •
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL cap
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Oth
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Thu
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL PRE
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Bak
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Bar
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Tot
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Low
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Flu
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL REF
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Deepwater Drilling Fluids Chapter T
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures F
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Shallow water flo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS AQUEOUS VS NON-AQ
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TABLE OF CONTENTS AQUEOUS SYSTEMS A
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TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW-DRILL® Cutti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS • Logistics are
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Dodecahedron Gas
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Cementing • Cem
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TABLE OF CONTENTS HYDRATE FORMATION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS • The ability t
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TABLE OF CONTENTS HYDRAULIC MODELIN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 13 - 10 Te
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TABLE OF CONTENTS graphically too.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCES 1. Zam
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Chapter Fourteen Fluids Environment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Filtration of Gra
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES The w
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES have
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Early
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Infor
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Step
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • S
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES in or
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES OPERA
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Page 692 and 693: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • D
Page 694 and 695: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • H
Page 696 and 697: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Main
Page 698 and 699: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROCE
Page 700 and 701: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIMEN
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Page 704 and 705: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • H
Page 706: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CUTTI
Page 710: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TRANS
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Page 717: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Typic
Page 721: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES BAKER
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Page 730 and 731: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Cartr
Page 732 and 733: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES surfa
Page 734 and 735: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Chapter 15 GLOSSA
Page 736 and 737: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Aluminum Stearate
Page 738 and 739: GLOSSARY OF TERMS asphaltenes. Asph
Page 740 and 741: GLOSSARY OF TERMS controlled enviro
Page 742 and 743: GLOSSARY OF TERMS hole-cleaning cap
Page 744 and 745: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Cloud Point - The
Page 746 and 747: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Cycle (Circulatio
Page 748 and 749: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Dissociation - Th
Page 750 and 751: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Fiber or Fibrous
Page 752 and 753: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Fluid Flow - The
Page 754 and 755: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Gel Strength - Th
Page 756 and 757: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Homogeneous - Of
Page 758 and 759: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Hydrophilic-Lypop
Page 760 and 761: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Iodine Number - T
Page 762 and 763: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Limestone - See C
Page 764 and 765: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Micron (µ) = MU
Page 766 and 767: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Neat Cement - A s
Page 768 and 769: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Percent - For wei
Page 770 and 771: GLOSSARY OF TERMS not that space is
Page 772 and 773: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Resistivity - The
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS complex structure
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Sodium Bicarbonat
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Streaming Potenti
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Thixotropy - The
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Viscosity, Funnel
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