BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Structure of Montmorillonite ...........................................................................................2-3
Figure 2-2 Structure Illite/ Mica........................................................................................................2-4
Figure 2-3 Structure of a Kaolnite Layer...........................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-4 Structure of Chlorites.......................................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-5 Structure of Palygorskite .................................................................................................2-6
Figure 2-6 Cays and Clay Minerals Particle Association..................................................................2-8
Figure 2-7 Structure of Montmorillonite Clay.................................................................................2-10
Figure 2-8 Carbonate Rock Types...................................................................................................2-12
Figure 2-9 SEM Photomicrograph of Venezuelan Sandstone.........................................................2-15
Figure 2-10 Photomicrograph of Wilcox Sandstone .........................................................................2-16
Figure 2-11 Photomicrograph of Sandstone Impregnated with Clay ................................................2-17
Figure 2-12 Photomicrograph of Platy Kaolinite Crystals ................................................................2-18
Figure 2-13 Schematic Diagram of a Return Permeameter...............................................................2-19
List of Tables
Table 2-1 Clay and Clay Minerals Base Exchange Capacity...........................................................2-7
Table 2-2 Order of Cation Replacibility...........................................................................................2-7
Table 2-3 Typical Mineralogical Analysis of Norway Shale...........................................................2-9
Table 2-4 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks ..............................................................................................2-9
Reference Manual
Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids
ii Revised 2006