BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Procedure for Preparing Barite Plug for Oil-Base Fluid...................................................36
Field Mixing Procedure for Barite Plugs (Nonsettling) .....................................................37
Gas Kicks in Invert Emulsion Fluids .......................................................................................37
Pit Volumes.............................................................................................................................38
Flow Rate Increases..............................................................................................................38
Flow Checks ...........................................................................................................................38
Shut-In Pressures ..................................................................................................................38
Subsea Well Control..................................................................................................................38
Low Formation Fracture Gradients .....................................................................................39
Shallow Gas............................................................................................................................39
Kick Detection ........................................................................................................................39
Choke Line Friction................................................................................................................39
Riser Collapse / Displacement / Trapped Gas..................................................................40
Gas Hydrates..........................................................................................................................40
Commonly Used Equations in Pressure Control ..................................................................40
Hydrostatic Pressure (psi) ....................................................................................................40
Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) .....................................................................................................40
Pressure Expressed as Equivalent Fluid (Mud) Weight (EMW).....................................40
Fluid (Mud) Weight to Balance a Kick ................................................................................41
Determination of the Nature of Invading Fluids.................................................................41
Maximum Casing Pressure Resulting from a Gas Kick * ................................................41
Maximum Volume Increase while Circulating Out a Kick * .............................................41
Formation Pressure or Bottomhole Pressure....................................................................41
Maximum Initial Shut-In Casing Pressure which will Exceed Fracture Gradient .........41
MIL-BAR® Required to Weight up 1 bbl of Fluid **..........................................................41
NOMENCLATURE ..............................................................................................................................42
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................43
List of Figures
FIGURE 12 - 1 TECTONIC ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................2
FIGURE 12 - 2 STRUCTURAL FEATURE................................................................................................3
FIGURE 12 - 3 INTERVAL TRANSIT TIME ..............................................................................................5
FIGURE 12 - 4 LOG DEPICTING ABNORMAL PRESSURE ZONES.........................................................6
FIGURE 12 - 5 CONDUCTIVITY PLOT VS. DEPTH FOR LOG IN FIGURE 12- 4 .....................................6
FIGURE 12 - 6 SHALE TRANSIT TIME VS. DEPTH ................................................................................8
FIGURE 12 - 7 REDUCTION IN BHP CORRESPONDING TO A SURFACE-OBSERVED REDUCTION IN
FLUID WEIGHT DUE TO GAS CUT FLUID ....................................................................................19
FIGURE 12 - 8 RISE OF ONE BARREL OF GAS WITH CONTROLLED EXPANSION ............................22
FIGURE 12 - 9 KILL FLUID WEIGHT ....................................................................................................24
FIGURE 12 - 10 SYSTEM PRESSURE LOSSES...................................................................................25
FIGURE 12 - 11 “U” TUBE STATIC.....................................................................................................26
FIGURE 12 - 12 “U” TUBE CIRCULATING ..........................................................................................27
FIGURE 12 - 13 “U” TUBE SHUT IN ...................................................................................................28
FIGURE 12 - 14 “U” TUBE CIRCULATING WITH CHOKE ...................................................................29
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
REVISION 2006
REFERENCE MANUAL
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