BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

Chapter 11
Table of Contents
HORIZONTAL & EXTENDED-REACH DRILLING .........................................................................11-1
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................11-1
EXTENDED REACH DRILLING..............................................................................................................11-1
HORIZONTAL TECHNIQUES .................................................................................................................11-3
Long-Radius Technique ...............................................................................................................11-3
Medium-Radius Technique..........................................................................................................11-3
Short-Radius Technique ..............................................................................................................11-5
Ultra-Short Radius Technique.....................................................................................................11-6
Horizontal Techniques Summary................................................................................................11-7
DRILLING FLUID PROPERTIES AND SELECTION.................................................................................11-7
Borehole Instability........................................................................................................................11-8
Cause..........................................................................................................................................11-8
Control.........................................................................................................................................11-8
Shale Interaction........................................................................................................................11-9
Classifications ........................................................................................................................11-9
Hole Cleaning ..............................................................................................................................11-11
Flow Characteristics................................................................................................................11-11
Fluid Viscosity..........................................................................................................................11-11
Cuttings Bed Formation..........................................................................................................11-13
Hole Cleaning Sweeps ...........................................................................................................11-14
Short Tripping ..........................................................................................................................11-14
Drill String Rotation .................................................................................................................11-14
Turbulence................................................................................................................................11-15
ADVANTAGE Hole Cleaning Modeling ...............................................................................11-15
Hole Cleaning Guidelines ......................................................................................................11-17
Torque and Drag .........................................................................................................................11-18
Fluid Lubricity...........................................................................................................................11-18
Filter Cake ............................................................................................................................11-20
Formation Damage .....................................................................................................................11-21
Examining the Formation .......................................................................................................11-21
Core Permeability Testing......................................................................................................11-22
Recommended Fluid Parameters.............................................................................................11-24
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................11-26
List of Figures
FIGURE 11 - 1 MEDIUM-RADIUS APPLICATIONS INDUSTRY ERD WELLS........................................11-2
FIGURE 11 - 2 SCHEMATICS OF MEDIUM-RADIUS APPLICATIONS. ..................................................11-4
FIGURE 11 - 3 SCHEMATICS OF WELLBORE RADIUS IN UNSTABLE FORMATIONS..........................11-5
FIGURE 11 - 4 SCHEMATIC OF ULTRA-SHORT RADIUS ....................................................................11-6
FIGURE 11 - 5 RANGE OF SHEAR RATES IN THE FLUID CIRCULATION SYSTEM ...........................11-12
FIGURE 11 - 6 EFFECTIVE VISCOSITY VS SHEAR RATE .................................................................11-12
FIGURE 11 - 7 ADVANTAGE HOLE CLEANING EXAMPLE 1..........................................................11-16
FIGURE 11 - 8 ADVANTAGE HOLE CLEANING EXAMPLE 2..........................................................11-16
FIGURE 11 - 9 COMPARISON OF LUBRICITY COEFFICIENTS – BAROID LUBRICITY TESTER .........11-19
FIGURE 11 - 10 PERMEAMETER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM....................................................................11-22
FIGURE 11 - 11 RETURN PERMEABILITY DATA ON COOK INLET CORES .........................................11-23
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
REFERENCE MANUAL
REVISION 2006 11-i