BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

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TABLE OF CONTENTS HYDRAULIC MODELING SOFTWARE INTRODUCTION In deepwater drilling operations it is extremely important to have control over the Equivalent Static Density (ESD) and the Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) at all times. This is due, in part, to the young formations associated with deepwater drilling and the types of fluid normally employed to drill these wells. Overwhelmingly, invert emulsions are used in deepwater, with the external phase being decided by environmental regulations or operator policy. Invert emulsions are very inhibitive and offer excellent rates-of-penetration. There are a host of other advantages to invert emulsions covered early in this section (see section titled: AQUEOUS VS NON-AQUEOUS DRILLING FLUIDS). Non-aqueous fluids are compressible and expandable under the wide range of temperatures and pressures they are subjected to in a deepwater environment. Therefore, it is imperative that corrections are made to the fluid properties to compensate for the temperature and pressure effects on the whole mud density and rheological characteristics under downhole conditions. Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids has two state-of-the-art modeling programs to assist in analytical solutions for our customers; Presmod, which is primarily used to determine dynamic temperature profiles and ADVANTAGE SM , which is Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids proprietary hole cleaning and hydraulics model. TEMPERATURE MODELING Presmod Presmod is a dynamic hydraulics/temperature simulator. Presmod is capable of predicting ECD, ESD and temperature profiles of the annulus and drill string as a function of time. However, Presmod should not be used to predict ECD since the program assumes 100% hole cleaning, regardless of flow rate or other hole cleaning variables. For deepwater applications, Presmod is primarily used to predict dynamic temperature profiles when there is potential for the occurrence of gas hydrates. In practice, Presmod is used for the following scenario: An upper section of a deepwater well is drilled with an aqueous fluid which is limited by the amount of salt that can be added due to density restrictions. Also, the volume of liquid additives (glycols, alcohols, etc.) necessary to ensure against hydrate formation is cost prohibitive and would be detrimental to the performance of the fluid system. The section is drilled to total depth (TD) and the fluid reaches a circulating temperature profile. The two issues to address are: 1. What will be the final annular circulating temperature? And in particular, what is the temperature at the mud line when drilling ceases, prior to tripping out to run pipe? 2. Under non-circulating conditions, how long will it take for the annular temperature to cool down to a temperature favorable for hydrate formation in the event of a kick? The primary strength of Presmod can be demonstrated in the solutions to these questions and is illustrated by Figures 1 thru 3 below. Figure 13 - 9 Temperature at Start of Drilling BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS REFERENCE MANUAL REVISION 2006 13-20
TABLE OF CONTENTS BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS REFERENCE MANUAL REVISION 2006 13-21
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Drilling Fluids Reference Manual Ch
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Chapter 1 Table of Contents Fundame
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Return
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Fundamentals of Drilling Fluids Cha
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Contro
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Physic
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Newton
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Figure
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Contin
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The fl
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids As def
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Table
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Gel St
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids drilli
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Time T
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Then,
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Low-Gr
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The pH
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Exampl
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Using
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Drill-
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids MBT (M
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids At dif
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Primar
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Nomenc
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Formation Mechanics Chapter Two For
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Table of Contents List of Figures F
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Formation Mechanics • 3 million g
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Formation Mechanics Hydration Mecha
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Formation Mechanics Attapulgite Fig
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Formation Mechanics in the outer si
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Formation Mechanics • Calcareous
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Formation Mechanics called “bio
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Formation Mechanics Reservoir Press
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Formation Mechanics Selecting the p
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Formation Mechanics Figure 2-12 Pho
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Water-Based Drilling Fluids Chapter
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Figure 3-7 The Sodium Chloride Stru
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Water-base Drilling Fluids Chapter
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Atomic
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Isotop
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Atoms
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Proper
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Solubi
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wettin
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The re
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Chemic
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids attrac
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids For a
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Gradua
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Theref
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Conven
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids With g
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids above
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids revers
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids of add
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids of ava
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Mist D
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids potass
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Comple
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 6. Fil
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Defloc
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Calciu
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids levels
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Filtra
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids weight
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Standa
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids GLYCOL
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Salt C
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids pressu
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Filter
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids System
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids • Pr
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids AQUA-D
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids . Tabl
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Seawat
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 6. Pou
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 5. Rin
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids PERFOR
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids • Th
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids densit
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Equipm
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids 3. Wit
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Refere
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Chapter Four Contamination of Water
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Contamination of Water-Base Muds Ch
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids saltwa
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Oven t
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Carbon
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids The te
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids treatm
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids when a
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Chapter 5 Table of Contents Oil / S
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Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Solids
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids 3. Lubricity
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids returns may
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids the area of
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids charged (rep
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Ions surroun
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Surface ener
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids to form oil
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids As indicated
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Oil Density
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids As the conce
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids lower pH. Th
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids One of the m
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Amine Lignit
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids The MAGMA-TE
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids System Maint
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids CARBO-MUL ®
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids CARBO-TEC ®
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids CARBO-VIS C
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids MAGMA-TROL
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids OMNI-MUL ®
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids OMNI-TROL /
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids 8. Do not us
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Solids contr
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Figure 5-22
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Salts Since
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-28 C
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-34 F
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-36 P
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Table 5-38 F
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Metric Conve
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids Metric Conve
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Oil / Synthetic Fluids • Metric C
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Reservoir Application Fluids Chapte
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TABLE OF CONTENTS System Benefits..
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE 6 - 19 PREP
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS In pet
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Figure
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Clays
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Conden
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The Sh
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Struct
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS contai
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS throat
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS soluti
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS tested
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS • 0.
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Under-
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Typica
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Compar
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS CLEAR-
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 1.20 S
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Reserv
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Densit
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS of 5%
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The te
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Brine
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Theref
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 6. Amo
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The ta
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 1 Perc
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Formul
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Metric
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Exampl
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Conver
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Exampl
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Densit
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Table
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Proper
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 50 Pou
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS 220 50
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS These
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS The ob
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Numero
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Run th
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Water-
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS select
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Choke
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Turbul
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS End of
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS • Pr
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS BAKER
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS well i
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Fluid
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Lab Va
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS Progra
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS • Pu
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RESERVOIR APPLICATION FLUIDS REFERE
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Chapter 7 Table of Contents BOREHOL
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS BOREHOLE PROBLEMS
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Competent Formati
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • Allow for inc
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS When shales react
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • An unplanned
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Should the pipe b
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS dispersion. The e
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Figure 7 - 4 Mech
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • High salt con
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Polyglycol Shale
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS LOSS OF CIRCULATI
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • Use of fluid
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS If water-absorbin
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS 2. Mix slurry vol
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Slurry Volume (bb
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS accelerator is av
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS • Elimination o
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS S = pressure exis
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Grogan Technique
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Fluid Density (lb
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS V w = ⎡ C Ph
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Fluid Density Ins
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS OMNI-LUBE is an e
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Drilling Fluid Pr
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Flash Point When
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS Planning The succ
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BOREHOLE PROBLEMS 16. Dye, B. et al
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Chapter 8 Table of Contents CORROSI
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CORROSION CORROSION Chapter 8 Corro
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CORROSION Cathode Anode 1st Step O
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CORROSION 1. Source - Formations ar
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CORROSION 7. Recommended Treatment
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CORROSION Factors Coupon Dimensions
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CORROSION Film-Forming Amines O.D.
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CORROSION are (1) to inhibit corros
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CORROSION 2200 2000 Conductance Mho
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CORROSION Figure 8- 3 Oxygen Solubi
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Chapter Nine Hydraulics Hydraulics
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures F
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HYDRAULICS required to do this is m
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HYDRAULICS the Bingham Plastic, Pow
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HYDRAULICS Figure 9 - 6 Application
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HYDRAULICS model is generally accep
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HYDRAULICS each portion of the circ
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HYDRAULICS μ ep = effective viscos
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HYDRAULICS Then solve for Q c , whe
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HYDRAULICS ρ = fluid density, lb m
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HYDRAULICS where: P n = total press
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HYDRAULICS where: 2 2 1/2 1303.797
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HYDRAULICS where: V p = -----------
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HYDRAULICS The ability of a drillin
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HYDRAULICS ρ = fluid density, lb m
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HYDRAULICS SUMMARY SM ADVANTAGE Eng
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HYDRAULICS Figure 9 - 11 Well Schem
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HYDRAULICS 4. Calculate the Reynold
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HYDRAULICS 24 f a = -------- Re a =
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HYDRAULICS Exercise: Calculate the
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HYDRAULICS NOMENCLATURE A t C C a D
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HYDRAULICS REFERENCES 1. ADVANTAGE
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Chapter 10 Table of Contents MECHAN
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL • Speci
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Figure 10
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Dispersio
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL oil fluid
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Test Siev
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL Fluid (Mu
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL for high-
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL RMS Centr
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MECHANICAL SOLIDS CONTROL NOMENCLAT
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Chapter 11 Table of Contents HORIZO
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HORIZONTAL AND EXTENDED REACH DRILL
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Pressure Prediction and Control Cha
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Procedure for Pre
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Cha
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Abn
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL inc
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Pre
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Pre
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL DRI
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL The
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PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Cha
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Page 604 and 605: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL cap
Page 606 and 607: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Oth
Page 608 and 609: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Thu
Page 610 and 611: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL PRE
Page 612 and 613: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Bak
Page 614 and 615: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Bar
Page 616 and 617: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Tot
Page 618 and 619: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Low
Page 620 and 621: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL Flu
Page 622 and 623: PRESSURE PREDICTION AND CONTROL REF
Page 624 and 625: Deepwater Drilling Fluids Chapter T
Page 626 and 627: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures F
Page 628 and 629: TABLE OF CONTENTS Shallow water flo
Page 630 and 631: TABLE OF CONTENTS AQUEOUS VS NON-AQ
Page 632 and 633: TABLE OF CONTENTS AQUEOUS SYSTEMS A
Page 634 and 635: TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW-DRILL® Cutti
Page 636 and 637: TABLE OF CONTENTS • Logistics are
Page 638 and 639: TABLE OF CONTENTS Dodecahedron Gas
Page 640 and 641: TABLE OF CONTENTS Cementing • Cem
Page 642 and 643: TABLE OF CONTENTS HYDRATE FORMATION
Page 644 and 645: TABLE OF CONTENTS • The ability t
Page 648 and 649: TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 13 - 10 Te
Page 650 and 651: TABLE OF CONTENTS graphically too.
Page 652 and 653: TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCES 1. Zam
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Page 656 and 657: TABLE OF CONTENTS Filtration of Gra
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Page 672 and 673: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES OPERA
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Page 676 and 677: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES BEST
Page 678 and 679: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • P
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Page 684 and 685: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Therm
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Page 688 and 689: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES SEPAR
Page 690 and 691: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Decan
Page 692 and 693: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • D
Page 694 and 695: FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • H
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Main
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROCE
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIMEN
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Disch
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • H
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES CUTTI
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TRANS
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES TRANS
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Typic
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES BAKER
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Fluid
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES A typ
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Featu
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Cartr
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FLUIDS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES surfa
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Chapter 15 GLOSSA
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Aluminum Stearate
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS asphaltenes. Asph
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS controlled enviro
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS hole-cleaning cap
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Cloud Point - The
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Cycle (Circulatio
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Dissociation - Th
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Fiber or Fibrous
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Fluid Flow - The
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Gel Strength - Th
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Homogeneous - Of
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Hydrophilic-Lypop
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Iodine Number - T
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Limestone - See C
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Micron (µ) = MU
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Neat Cement - A s
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Percent - For wei
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS not that space is
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Resistivity - The
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS complex structure
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Sodium Bicarbonat
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Streaming Potenti
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Thixotropy - The
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Viscosity, Funnel
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BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

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