BAKER HUGHES - Drilling Fluids Reference Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIGURE 6 - 9 STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC TRAPS ..............................................................6-14
FIGURE 6 - 10 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF MIL-CARB......................................................6-23
FIGURE 6 - 11 COMPARISON OF SOLIDS CONTENT IN FLUIDS WEIGHTED WITH VARIOUS WEIGHT
MATERIALS ......................................................................................................................................6-30
FIGURE 6 - 12 EFFECT OF CLEAR-DRILL SALTS ON THERMAL STABILITY OF XANTHAN POLYMERS
......................................................................................................................................6-31
FIGURE 6 - 13 NO-WATER-ADDED CARBO-CORE TYPICAL FLOW PROPERTIES ........................6-41
FIGURE 6 - 14 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARING SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS.......6-76
FIGURE 6 - 15 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARING POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS.6-77
FIGURE 6 - 16 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARING CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS.....6-78
FIGURE 6 - 17 CONDITION OF HORIZONTAL WELLBORE PRIOR TO DISPLACEMENT ......................6-83
FIGURE 6 - 18 SCOURING OF THE FILTER CAKE...............................................................................6-83
FIGURE 6 - 19 REVERSE CIRCULATION.............................................................................................6-89
FIGURE 6 - 20 FORWARD CIRCULATION............................................................................................6-89
FIGURE 6 - 21 BALL DROP CIRCULATING SUB ...................................................................................6-90
FIGURE 6 - 22 PLUG AND TURBULENT FLOW REGIMES ...................................................................6-94
FIGURE 6 - 23 GRAPHICAL RESULTS OBTAINED FROM BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS ESD
CALCULATOR.................................................................................................................................6-109
FIGURE 6 - 24 DISPLEX SIMULATION FOR DEEPWATER APPLICATIONS .....................................6-111
FIGURE 6 - 25 SIMULATION OF WSA C06 (WSAP-16) WELLBORE DISPLACEMENT AND CLEAN-UP ..
....................................................................................................................................6-112
FIGURE 6 - 26 SIMULATION OF WSA C06 (WSAP-16) WELLBORE DISPLACEMENT AND CLEAN-UP ..
....................................................................................................................................6-113
List of Tables
TABLE 6 - 1 LABORATORY FLUID FORMULATIONS............................................................................6-34
TABLE 6 - 2 INITIAL PROPERTIES OF LABORATORY FLUID FORMULATIONS....................................6-34
TABLE 6 - 3 PROPERTIES OF LABORATORY FORMULATIONS AFTER HOT ROLLING .......................6-35
TABLE 6 - 4 OMNIFLOW DIF PRODUCTS........................................................................................6-37
TABLE 6 - 5 TYPICAL OMNIFLOW DIF FORMULATION ...................................................................6-38
TABLE 6 - 6 TYPICAL OMNIFLOW DIF FORMULATION ...................................................................6-38
TABLE 6 - 7 BRINE DENSITY DUE TO THERMAL EXPANSION............................................................6-43
TABLE 6 - 8 OPERATIONAL DENSITIES OF VARIOUS SALTS.............................................................6-50
TABLE 6 - 9 TYPICAL PH VALUES OF VARIOUS SALT MIXTURES.....................................................6-51
TABLE 6 - 10 FORMULATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE/CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION USING
SACKED NACL (100%) AND CACL 2 (94-97%) ..............................................................................6-51
TABLE 6 - 11 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS @ 20 0 C ..............6-52
TABLE 6 - 12 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE BRINES @20 0 C ...........................6-53
TABLE 6 - 13 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (NH 4 CL) SOLUTIONS ..............6-54
TABLE 6 - 14 PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS @ 20°C ....................................6-55
TABLE 6 - 15 PREPARATION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE (CACL 2 ) SOLUTIONS USING LIQUID 11.6
LB/GAL CACL 2 ..................................................................................................................................6-57
TABLE 6 - 16 PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM BROMIDE BASED SOLUTIONS USING GRANULAR
CONCENTRATED KBR .....................................................................................................................6-58
TABLE 6 - 17 CALCIUM CHLORIDE-CALCIUM BROMIDE SOLUTION REQUIREMENTS USING 11.6
LBM/GAL CACL 2 BRINE, 14.2 LBM/GAL CABR 2 BRINE, AND SACKED CACL 2 (FORMULATION PER 1
BBL) ......................................................................................................................................6-59
TABLE 6 - 18 PREPARATION OF CALCIUM BROMIDE BASED SOLUTIONS USING SOLID 94% CACL 2
AND LIQUID 14.2 LBM/GAL CABR 2 ..................................................................................................6-61
BAKER HUGHES DRILLING FLUIDS
REVISION 2006
REFERENCE MANUAL
6-iii