"Symbiosis or Death": - Rhodes University

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10 that it is the human capacities for compassion and imaginative identification which, paradoxically, could offer a solution. If humankind’s alienation from nature and consequent ecological destructiveness can be stemmed, the first step would be an altered perspective of humankind’s position on the Earth. This new perspective or way of seeing requires a psychic shift of consciousness because a physical or biological understanding of our position is not enough.
Perhaps in moments of – shall we say – low spiritual ebb, when I cannot handle people too well, or what they do to each other or the planet, I look to the sea (among other powerful manifestations of the earth’s life) and conspire with it mentally, and probably subversively, and certainly ineffectually. There’s a deep slow river of love in me for the land, its denizens, its waters, its skies. But it’s a heck of a mess … – Douglas Livingstone 11
Page 1 and 2: "Symbiosis or Death": An Ecocritica
Page 3 and 4: Swallow) and so obviate its certain
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abstract .................
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements To Andrew Stevens
Page 9 and 10: ix Humankind’s abuse of nature an
Page 11 and 12: Introduction It was a Hogsback poet
Page 13 and 14: 3 USA and was the first to apply th
Page 15 and 16: 5 cilia, spirochaetes, mitochondria
Page 17 and 18: 7 Durban in 1964 to take up the pos
Page 19: 9 as the Earth. The poetry demands
Page 23 and 24: 13 married? This chapter will explo
Page 25 and 26: 15 This is an idealistic position b
Page 27 and 28: 17 Here, the “planet” and “a
Page 29 and 30: value. Julia Martin repeatedly stre
Page 31 and 32: 21 The puzzle of ecology, then, is
Page 33 and 34: 23 historic social conflicts. Langu
Page 35 and 36: 25 ‘There remains,’ wrote Heide
Page 37 and 38: 27 discourse, but as a fundamental
Page 39 and 40: the contradictions of consciousness
Page 41 and 42: 31 Shelley refers to imagination an
Page 43 and 44: 33 The freedom of birds - Keats’
Page 45 and 46: 35 universe as mere mechanism” bu
Page 47 and 48: 37 My 1963 comically chivalrous res
Page 49 and 50: 39 research has followed two main p
Page 51 and 52: 41 is definitive, not only for its
Page 53 and 54: Chapter Two Douglas Livingstone: Hi
Page 55 and 56: 45 admired by poets of all poetical
Page 57 and 58: 47 in the publication of Sjambok an
Page 59 and 60: 49 conflict: “I don’t think any
Page 61 and 62: 51 long-term implications of this t
Page 63 and 64: 53 urbanisation. He adds that in th
Page 65 and 66: 55 be seen as a stylistic pastorali
Page 67 and 68: 57 (173). Livingstone, too, speaks
Page 69 and 70: 59 to find a closer identification
Page 71 and 72:
61 notes the “universality” of
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63 The first chapter of Chapman’s
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65 It should be mentioned, however,
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the stones, slaked battles, seas; t
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69 while I claim the undertone is a
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71 conjuring up a bizarre psycholog
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Yet the overriding relationship we
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75 The next collection, Sjambok and
Page 87 and 88:
77 reflects the major variations of
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79 This new idea-system… I shall
Page 91 and 92:
81 … we are the architects of our
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83 our anthropocentrism. This deepe
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The first sputnik blipped above me
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87 way of finding our sense of plac
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89 poem, indicates that overcoming
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91 constancy” where living things
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93 dissolves” (line 46). He is le
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95 / their daily crust on farm and
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97 lightning” (line 14). The fig
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99 life-forms. The poem ends on an
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101 nature. As demonstrated in the
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103 planting and regeneration. In
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105 inhabitants, also cleansed and
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107 The poem is divided into four p
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109 position. Wilson defines biophi
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111 humanity has no future place on
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113 omnipotent power is disastrous
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115 Because he suffers from, or is,
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We are an animal that needs to use
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119 his scientific work lies in the
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121 "metallic man" (line 6) who com
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123 It [A Littoral Zone] might with
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125 Livingstone” (1997). David Le
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127 and decreases the pressure on p
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129 suggests that much of Livingsto
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Chapter Five From Darwinism to Desp
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133 conundrum also plagues Livingst
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135 anything Livingstone has writte
Page 147 and 148:
137 The sestet explores the result
Page 149 and 150:
139 [W]hile human survival may be c
Page 151 and 152:
141 The poem uses the coelacanth, a
Page 153 and 154:
143 examines evolution at cellular
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145 (Dennett 86) which “propel”
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147 reconnecting with the Earth and
Page 159 and 160:
149 ignorant or arrogant to see thi
Page 161 and 162:
151 This densely layered poem explo
Page 163 and 164:
153 is best to leave nature to do i
Page 165 and 166:
155 this reverence is an even great
Page 167 and 168:
157 continuation of a species. The
Page 169 and 170:
159 The remnants of the San people
Page 171 and 172:
161 In the third stanza he sees the
Page 173 and 174:
163 implication is that the San sha
Page 175 and 176:
165 is his anger extended to humank
Page 177 and 178:
167 “Carnivores” and social des
Page 179 and 180:
Chapter Six “Seeking life, seekin
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171 symbolise cosmic evil, but rath
Page 183 and 184:
173 The snake here symbolises self-
Page 185 and 186:
175 of Looking at a Black Snake”
Page 187 and 188:
177 The dead snake lies on the beac
Page 189 and 190:
[A] constant image is that of the c
Page 191 and 192:
181 with a duiker doe - the visitor
Page 193 and 194:
183 life force (signified by the su
Page 195 and 196:
185 This poem describes the first s
Page 197 and 198:
187 The poem works with the idea of
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189 itself and so managed to captur
Page 201 and 202:
191 The title of the poem alludes t
Page 203 and 204:
193 resolve humankind’s psychomac
Page 205 and 206:
195 The above ‘conventional’ lo
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197 opera, Lohengrin so that the po
Page 209 and 210:
199 redolent of the happier moments
Page 211 and 212:
I conclude this chapter with an exa
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203 perceived by my senses, but not
Page 215 and 216:
205 resolution through atonement, w
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207 they “meld / in manic songs o
Page 219 and 220:
209 A brief review will be useful.
Page 221 and 222:
211 appears as thanatos” (207). T
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Conclusion The coming together of t
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“An appraisal of sewage pollution
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix B continued 217
Page 229 and 230:
Primary Texts Bibliography Livingst
Page 231 and 232:
Clouts, Sidney. "The Violent Arcadi
Page 233 and 234:
Hillman, James. Dream Animals. San
Page 235 and 236:
One’s Reality: A study of the wor
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