"Symbiosis or Death": - Rhodes University

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Fazzini, Marco. “Interviewing Douglas Livingstone.” New Contrast 74/75 19.2/3 1990: 135-145. ------------------- “The Poetry of Douglas Livingstone: Towards an Italian translation.” MA thesis. University of Natal, Durban, 1991. Fordham, Frieda. An Introduction to Jung’s Psychology. 1953. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978. Fowles, John. The Aristos. London: Pan Books, 1971. Fox, Matthew. Illuminations of Hildegard of Bingen. Sante Fe: Bear & Company, 1985. Frye, Northrop. Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1963. Furst, Lilian, R. Romanticism. London: Methuen & Co, 1969. Gaard, Greta & Patrick D. Murphy. Ecofeminist Literary Criticism: Theory, Interpretation, Pedagogy. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998. Garner, Paul. “San/Bushmen Hunter Gatherers” Internet. World Wide Web. http://www.battlefields.co.za/history/bushmen/ Glotfelty, Cheryll & Harold Fromm, eds. The Ecocriticism Reader. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1996. Gould, Stephen Jay. Life’s Grandeur. London: Vintage, 1992. ----------------------- The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press, 2002. Gray, Stephen. “Moving in Print: Douglas Livingstone’s Poetry.” Crux 6.2 (1972): 67-72. Gribbin, John and Michael White. Darwin: A Life in Science. London: Touchstone, 2000. Griffin, Jonathan. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Trans. London: Penguin, 1988. Halpern, Daniel and Dan Frank, eds. The Picador Nature Reader. London: Picador, 2001. Haresnape, Geoffrey. “Douglas Livingstone: 5 January 1932 – 19 February 1996.” Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol 225: South African Writers. Farmington Hills: The Gale Group, 2000. Heaney, Seamus. Preoccupations: Selected Prose 1968 – 1978. London: Faber and Faber, 1980. 222
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"Symbiosis or Death": An Ecocritica
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Swallow) and so obviate its certain
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Contents Abstract .................
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Acknowledgements To Andrew Stevens
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ix Humankind’s abuse of nature an
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Introduction It was a Hogsback poet
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3 USA and was the first to apply th
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5 cilia, spirochaetes, mitochondria
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7 Durban in 1964 to take up the pos
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9 as the Earth. The poetry demands
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Perhaps in moments of - shall we sa
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13 married? This chapter will explo
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15 This is an idealistic position b
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17 Here, the “planet” and “a
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value. Julia Martin repeatedly stre
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21 The puzzle of ecology, then, is
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23 historic social conflicts. Langu
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25 ‘There remains,’ wrote Heide
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27 discourse, but as a fundamental
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the contradictions of consciousness
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31 Shelley refers to imagination an
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33 The freedom of birds - Keats’
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35 universe as mere mechanism” bu
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37 My 1963 comically chivalrous res
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39 research has followed two main p
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41 is definitive, not only for its
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Chapter Two Douglas Livingstone: Hi
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45 admired by poets of all poetical
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47 in the publication of Sjambok an
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49 conflict: “I don’t think any
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51 long-term implications of this t
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53 urbanisation. He adds that in th
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55 be seen as a stylistic pastorali
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57 (173). Livingstone, too, speaks
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59 to find a closer identification
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61 notes the “universality” of
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63 The first chapter of Chapman’s
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65 It should be mentioned, however,
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the stones, slaked battles, seas; t
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69 while I claim the undertone is a
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71 conjuring up a bizarre psycholog
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Yet the overriding relationship we
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75 The next collection, Sjambok and
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77 reflects the major variations of
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79 This new idea-system… I shall
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81 … we are the architects of our
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83 our anthropocentrism. This deepe
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The first sputnik blipped above me
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87 way of finding our sense of plac
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89 poem, indicates that overcoming
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91 constancy” where living things
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93 dissolves” (line 46). He is le
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95 / their daily crust on farm and
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97 lightning” (line 14). The fig
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99 life-forms. The poem ends on an
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101 nature. As demonstrated in the
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103 planting and regeneration. In
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105 inhabitants, also cleansed and
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107 The poem is divided into four p
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109 position. Wilson defines biophi
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111 humanity has no future place on
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113 omnipotent power is disastrous
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115 Because he suffers from, or is,
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We are an animal that needs to use
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119 his scientific work lies in the
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121 "metallic man" (line 6) who com
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123 It [A Littoral Zone] might with
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125 Livingstone” (1997). David Le
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127 and decreases the pressure on p
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129 suggests that much of Livingsto
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Chapter Five From Darwinism to Desp
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133 conundrum also plagues Livingst
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135 anything Livingstone has writte
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137 The sestet explores the result
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139 [W]hile human survival may be c
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141 The poem uses the coelacanth, a
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143 examines evolution at cellular
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145 (Dennett 86) which “propel”
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147 reconnecting with the Earth and
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149 ignorant or arrogant to see thi
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151 This densely layered poem explo
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153 is best to leave nature to do i
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155 this reverence is an even great
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157 continuation of a species. The
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159 The remnants of the San people
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161 In the third stanza he sees the
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163 implication is that the San sha
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165 is his anger extended to humank
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167 “Carnivores” and social des
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Chapter Six “Seeking life, seekin
Page 181 and 182: 171 symbolise cosmic evil, but rath
Page 183 and 184: 173 The snake here symbolises self-
Page 185 and 186: 175 of Looking at a Black Snake”
Page 187 and 188: 177 The dead snake lies on the beac
Page 189 and 190: [A] constant image is that of the c
Page 191 and 192: 181 with a duiker doe - the visitor
Page 193 and 194: 183 life force (signified by the su
Page 195 and 196: 185 This poem describes the first s
Page 197 and 198: 187 The poem works with the idea of
Page 199 and 200: 189 itself and so managed to captur
Page 201 and 202: 191 The title of the poem alludes t
Page 203 and 204: 193 resolve humankind’s psychomac
Page 205 and 206: 195 The above ‘conventional’ lo
Page 207 and 208: 197 opera, Lohengrin so that the po
Page 209 and 210: 199 redolent of the happier moments
Page 211 and 212: I conclude this chapter with an exa
Page 213 and 214: 203 perceived by my senses, but not
Page 215 and 216: 205 resolution through atonement, w
Page 217 and 218: 207 they “meld / in manic songs o
Page 219 and 220: 209 A brief review will be useful.
Page 221 and 222: 211 appears as thanatos” (207). T
Page 223 and 224: Conclusion The coming together of t
Page 225 and 226: “An appraisal of sewage pollution
Page 227 and 228: Appendix B continued 217
Page 229 and 230: Primary Texts Bibliography Livingst
Page 231: Clouts, Sidney. "The Violent Arcadi
Page 235 and 236: One’s Reality: A study of the wor
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