CLINICAL LAB SCIENEC

CHAPTER 16: IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY 407
4. Place 1.0 mL of the diluent into tubes #1 through #10.
5. Place 1.0 mL of undiluted plasma or serum (solute) into tube #1. This tube now
has a total volume of 2.0 mL and a dilution ratio of 1:2.
6. Transfer 1.0 mL from tube #1 into tube #2. Tube #2 now has a total volume of
2.0 mL and a dilution ratio of 1:4.
7. Continue in this manner, transferring 1.0 mL of the preceding diluted specimen
through tube #9. Tube #9 will now contain 2.0 mL.
8. Discard 1.0 mL of the diluted specimen from tube #9. Tubes #1 through #9 each
now contain 1.0 mL of the diluted specimen.
9. Add the specific antigen for which the antibody titer is being performed to each
tube (#1 through #10), and mix the contents.
10. Centrifuge tubes #1 through #10 for 4 minutes.
11. Record the results on the appropriate report form (Procedure # 1 Report Form).
Place a (+) in the box indicating a positive reaction. The result will be reflected
by the last tube showing a positive reaction (clumping or agglutination). It may be
necessary to use an illuminating lamp with magnifying mirror to observe a weak
endpoint where very small clumps are present in the last tube to show a positive
reaction.
Procedure #1 Report Form: Serial Dilution Procedure (Two-Fold Antibody Titer)
Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4 Tube 5 Tube 6 Tube 7 Tube 8 Tube 9
Tube 10
Control
Dilution 1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128 1:256 1:512 No reaction
Result
12. Discard all supplies used for the procedure in the appropriate containers. A disinfectant
should be used to clean the work surfaces and equipment should be
cleaned and restored to its former position. Gloves should be discarded appropriately
and the hands washed thoroughly in accordance with established policies.
Reporting of Results
The results for tests such as a quantitative pregnancy test, viral titer, or rheumatoid
arthritis test for the rheumatoid factor are expressed in terms of the highest dilution
tube in which a reaction can be detected.
MANUAL SEROLOGY PROCEDURE #2
Determining the Presence of C-Reactive Protein in Serum
Principles
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important diagnostic tool arising from the protein
included in acute-phase reactants. CRP is a nonspecific indicator of inflammation
and is valuable in screening for chronic diseases such as arteriosclerosis or a
buildup of plaque in the vessels of the body, which often predicts the risk for a
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