CLINICAL LAB SCIENEC

CHAPTER 17: IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY (BLOOD BANKING) 431
The first step in preparation for any of these procedures, of course, requires
determining a blood group (ABO) and type (Rh factors). The donor’s blood and
the patient’s blood are processed to determine if the donor blood is compatible
with that of the recipient’s blood. These are basic steps that include a number of
procedures where antibodies are tested against the donor’s blood to prevent a
transfusion reaction. Even if the blood group and types are a match, there may
still be atypical antibodies that may require a great deal of screening of donor
blood before suitable matches are found.
Proper collection and screening of donor blood also require that a number
of procedures be performed. Screening the blood for infectious diseases such as
syphilis, HIV, HBV, and other diseases is required before the donor blood is cleared
for continued processing and storage in a bank. This chapter provided a number
of basic screening tests with which the student should be familiar before entering
clinical training sites for a more advanced level of work.
Review Questions
1. When testing blood donor units for safety, what tests are performed on the
units?
2. What is meant by immunotherapy?
3. Why do units of blood expire?
4. What is meant by atypical antibodies?
5. Why are RBCs washed with normal saline before being tested or used in
testing?
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