CAPITALISM'S ACHILLES HEEL Dirty Money and How to

102 CAPITALISM’S ACHILLES HEEL
TABLE 3.8 (Continued)
Type of Crime Scope, Origin, or Direction
Fake pharmaceuticals Estimated at $15 billion to $50 billion annually.
and vaccines China, India, and Southeast Asia are major sources.
International Chamber of Commerce estimates
counterfeiting of all above consumer goods at $450
billion annually.
Smuggling
Cars; theft and delivery Hundreds of thousands of vehicles annually. U.S.,
to other countries Europe, and Japan are sources. Eastern Europe,
Russia, China, Latin America, and Africa are major
destinations.
Gold, other precious Gold into Asia. Conflict diamonds from Africa.
metals, and gems Precious stones from South America.
Art, antiquities, and Could be up to billions of dollars annually.
cultural items Paintings stolen in Europe are often brought to
Japan. Antiquities come primarily out of Middle
East and China. In a single arrest, a 100-member
gang was apprehended in Spain in 2002 with
200,000 artifacts.
Pornographic materials Large markets in Japan and China.
Environmental
Endangered species, Hundreds of thousands of live animals are exported
especially large cats, annually. Together with animal parts, believed to be
rare birds, reptiles, a multibillion-dollar trade. Southern Africa is an
and botanical specimens important source region.
Animal parts, especially Estimated one million elephants killed since the
rhino horns, elephant 1970s. Rhino population reduced by an estimated
tusks, shark fins 90 percent in 30 years. Markets primarily in Asia.
Illegal logging From Russia, Indonesia, Central and South
America, and Africa. In the hundreds of millions of
tons annually, valued at up to $15 billion.
Waste dumping, primarily Tens of millions of tons shipped and sunk in oceans
metals, toxic chemicals, and or dumped in developing countries annually.
radioactive materials