CAPITALISM'S ACHILLES HEEL Dirty Money and How to

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120 CAPITALISM’S ACHILLES HEEL Union political grouping. 138 Whatever reasons exist for including Cuba among sponsors of terrorism are tenuous at best. And then governments that terrorize their own populations are overlooked, such as Burma, Sudan, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, Turkmenistan, and others. By mid-2004, the U.S. government had designated nearly 400 organizations and individuals as terrorists. Terrorist incidents are in the hundreds annually, and deaths run from several hundred a year to the staggering blow delivered against the United States in 2001, costing nearly 3,000 lives in a single day. Recognizing that the distinction among criminal gangs, terrorist groups, and, for that matter, guerrilla armies, is not always clear, a brief review of some of the more violent terrorist organizations as shown in Table 3.10 underlines the extent of their activities across the globe. I have said it several times: Crime and terrorism are related. When western nations overlook or facilitate the flow of criminal money, terrorists merely step into these same well-worn paths to move their money. They, the terrorists, have not invented a single new way of generating and transferring resources. Available techniques are all laid out for them, ready for the picking. Terrorists have three means of obtaining money. They can earn it, steal it, or beg for it. Each of the three has brought them millions of dollars. Terrorists own businesses. Particularly preferred are retail stores that generate cash, import-export firms that provide cover for arms and drugs, remittance systems sending money across borders, and even banks that provide some legitimate services while shielding transfers of terrorist funds. Aum in Japan runs computer stores, and Al Qaeda has received millions from cooperating banking operations. Then there are hundreds of ways to make money illegally. Bank robberies utilize terrorists’ expertise, for example, pulled off by ETA in Spain. Kidnapping and extortion are favorite devices among Colombian groups. Protection rackets and community taxation are simply thefts by other names, often used in the Philippines and South Asia. Many types of fraud are available—credit card, insurance, medical payments, and more—promoted, for example, by Middle Eastern cells in the United States. Smuggling, also drawing on terrorists’ skills, is a favorite technique all over the world, avoiding excise taxes or customs duties and selling at fat profits. Counterfeiting or buying and reusing counterfeit currencies brings several
TABLE 3.10 TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS AROUND THE WORLD Groups with Estimated Operatives Numbering 1,000 or More Areas Dirty Money at Work 121 Aum Shinrikyo Japan, Russia Communist Party of Philippines/ The Philippines New People’s Army Hamas Israel and Palestine Occupied Territories Hezbollah Middle East, with cells in Asia, Africa, Europe, South and North America Jemaah Islamiya Indonesia, with cells in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and perhaps the Philippines Kurdistan Workers Party Turkey Lashkar-Tayyiba Kashmir and India, with bases in Pakistan Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Sri Lanka Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization Iran, from Iraq National Liberation Army (ELN) Colombia, Venezuela Al Qaeda South and Southeast Asia, Middle East, Europe, and U.S. Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, with forays into Colombia (FARC) neighboring countries United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) Colombia Groups with Estimated Operatives in the Hundreds Areas Abu Nidal Organization Middle East Abu Sayyaf Group The Philippines Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Israel and Palestine Occupied Territories Ansar al-Islam Iraq (Continued)
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CAPITALISM’S ACHILLES HEEL Dirty
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concerted actions to reduce opportu
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Copyright © 2005 by Raymond W. Bak
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CONTENTS Prologue 1 CHAPTER 1 Globa
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CHAPTER 10 Philosophy Becomes Cultu
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8 CAPITALISM’S ACHILLES HEEL Over
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“ CHAPTER 1 GLOBAL CAPITALISM: SA
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Global Capitalism: Savior or Predat
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CHAPTER 3 DIRTY MONEY AT WORK HOW D
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CHAPTER 5 THE GLOBAL DIVIDE WRITING
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CHAPTER 6 “I DON’T UNDERSTAND
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CHAPTER 7 IT’S THE 70 TO 90 PERCE
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“ PART III DISUTILITY: BENTHAM KO
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Disutility: Bentham KOs Smith 281 t
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study and lecture, taking up in 175
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The Anguish of Adam Smith 285 of gr
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The Anguish of Adam Smith 287 Preva
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The Anguish of Adam Smith 289 Preva
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The Anguish of Adam Smith 291 Smith
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ing the joys of wealth to all. In t
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The Anguish of Adam Smith 295 paid
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seated concern for exemplary behavi
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The Anguish of Adam Smith 299 want
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ut, with growing passion for legal
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The Joys of Jeremy Bentham 303 fice
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view in 1824 as an outlet for their
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Bentham’s ideas were not all outl
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PROBLEMS The Joys of Jeremy Bentham
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The Joys of Jeremy Bentham 311 Jere
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ate homogeneity, and the lowest inc
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Philosophy Becomes Culture 315 intr
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Philosophy Becomes Culture 317 Desi
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Thus, from the late 1700s to the ea
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Philosophy Becomes Culture 321 War
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The point is much simpler. In the v
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dard model attempt to incorporate t
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tarianism, operating through tenets
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Philosophy Becomes Culture 329 enou
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Philosophy Becomes Culture 331 •
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CHAPTER 12 SPREADING PROSPERITY RES
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CHAPTER 13 RENEWING CAPITALISM SHOR
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS JENNIFER NORDIN has
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Acknowledgments 379 helpful. E. J.
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Acknowledgments 381 I’m addressin
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384 NOTES 10. Harry Shutt, The Trou
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386 NOTES countries, can be exchang
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388 NOTES 14. U.S. Senate, Committe
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390 NOTES 51. Sultan Ahmed, “Reco
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392 NOTES 82. Gregg Zoroya, “Mili
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394 NOTES Transnational Crime and C
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396 NOTES 131. 2002 Human Rights Re
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398 NOTES 148. Susan Sachs, “Huss
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400 NOTES 181. Ibid., 48. 182. UN S
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402 NOTES 212. Decree of the Presid
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404 NOTES combination of mispricing
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406 NOTES bulk cash shipments. Some
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408 NOTES 43. Two “name and shame
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410 NOTES of arbitrary assessments
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412 NOTES plan. An even more refine
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414 NOTES 35. Bhalla, Imagine There
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416 NOTES The Bank for Internationa
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418 NOTES CHAPTER 8 The Anguish of
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420 NOTES 3. Jeremy Bentham, Consti
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422 NOTES 25. Ibid., 31. 26. A.C. P
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Abacha, Mariam, 62 Abacha, Mohammed
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Canada, 84, 128, 141, 143, 148, 149
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component of dirty money; Criminal
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Gross domestic product (GDP): corru
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Maldives, the, 36 Malik, Rehman, 83
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Razzak Yaqub, Abdul, 79, 80 Real es
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Tesler, Jeffrey, 66 Thailand, 90, 1
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