CAPITALISM'S ACHILLES HEEL Dirty Money and How to

TABLE 3.8 (Continued)
Dirty Money at Work 103
Type of Crime Scope, Origin, or Direction
Fraud
Credit cards; counterfeited, Losses estimated at roughly 1 percent. Single
stolen, skimmed, and counterfeiters produce thousands of cards daily.
illegally used
Advance fee fraud, primarily African scam artists generate millions annually.
for future services or payoffs
Piracy
On the high seas 325 piracy attacks in 2004. The Strait of Malacca
between Singapore and Indonesia is one of the most
perilous in the world.
In coastal waters, inlets, Nigeria, for example, loses an estimated 100,000
and ports barrels of oil a day from theft and illegal bunkering.
exploitation. Victims are bought, kidnapped, or enticed with job offers,
transported across borders, and coerced into prostitution or servitude. Human
smuggling differs in that the individual chooses to be taken across borders
for the purpose of illegal entry into another country. Once there, he or
she may similarly be forced into servitude to pay off the cost of transportation
and local protection. Trafficking involves human rights violations and is
a crime against the person. Smuggling with its attendant illegal entry is considered
a crime against the state. There is ample grey area between trafficking
and smuggling, particularly as these two crimes often involve underage
migrants receiving false promises of employment, leading instead to forced
labor and sexual enslavement. The term “trafficking” is often applied to all
forms of illegal human movements.
Cooperation between local gangs and international syndicates is clearly
demonstrated in the human trafficking trade. Local recruiters obtain willing
or unwilling victims. Transporters move them across borders and onto international
routes. Corrupting police, immigration, border, and airport officials
is a key part of the transporter’s job. Channels and techniques used are
often the same as those already proven safe in drug smuggling and arms
trading. A network of overseers and informers protects the cargo and assures