keys to the vascular plants of east texas - Botanical Research ...

450 AMARYLLIDACEAE/HIPPEASTRUM
(Meerow et al. 1999 [2000]), and Habranthus species have sometimes been included in that genus.
However, Habranthus has somewhat bilaterally symmetrical flowers with fasciculate to
semifasciculate filaments of 4 different lengths, while Zephyranthes has radially symmetrical
flowers with nonfasciculate filaments of two lengths (Flagg et al. 2002a). Even when
Habranthus is considered in a narrower sense (10 species of temperate South America—
Mabberley 1997), our species (H. tubispathus) is still in the genus. (Greek: habros, graceful, delicate,
or splendid, and anthos, a flower)
REFERENCES: Sealy 1937; Uphof 1946; Holmes & Wells 1980; Howard 1996; Diamond et al. 1998;
Flagg et al. 2002a.
Habranthus tubispathus (L’Hér.) Traub, (tube-spathed), COPPER-LILY, RIO GRANDE COPPER-LILY,
ATAMOSCO-LILY, STAGGER-GRASS,. Leaves basal, to 25 cm long, 3–4(–5) mm wide, appearing in autumn
and withering by early spring; scape to ca. 30 cm tall, with 1 flower; pedicel about twice
as long as the subtending involucral bract; flower bent forward to suberect; perianth usually
25–30 mm long, orange-yellow, sometimes with reddish tinge on outer surface, spreading-funnelform,
with short (ca. 2 mm) basal tube; stamens of four lengths; filaments curving distally;
ovary inferior; stigma trifid, with linear lobes; capsule subglobose, ca. 15 mm wide; seeds numerous,
flat, black, D-shaped. Moist open areas, grasslands, lawns, roadsides; widespread in s
part of East TX; also Gulf Prairies and Marshes and South TX Plains; also yard weed in Tarrant
Co. (BRIT) in Cross Timbers and Prairies; AL, FL, LA, and TX. Jul–Oct, after rains. [Amaryllis
tubispatha L’Hér., H. texanus (Herb.) Herb. ex Steud., Zephyranthes texana Hook.] Nearly identical
forms of this species occur in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay (Howard 1996). Sealy (1937)
and Holmes and Wells (1980) suggested that H. tubispathus is native to South America and was
introduced into TX in the late 1600s or early 1700s, possibly by Spanish missionaries. Howard
(1996) disagreed and indicated that several other species share this disjunct distribution. Flagg
et al. (2002a) stated that its origin is not clear, but he cited Diamond et al. (1998) who gave evidence
for its introduction into AL in the late 1800s by seeds sent from TX. Based on its widespread
occurrence in South America, we are tentatively considering the species to be introduced
to the U.S., possibly in a manner similar to the AL introduction. ?I m/287
HIPPEASTRUM Herb.
BARBADOS-LILY, NAKED-LADY, RED SPIDER-LILY, AMARYLLIS
Glabrous scapose perennials from bulbs; leaves all basal; inflorescence umbellate, few-flowered;
flowers showy; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls, funnelform to campanulate, with a basal tube;
stamens inserted on perianth tube; ovary inferior; fruit a capsule.
AA genus of ca. 75 species (Holmes 2002b) of bulbose plants of West Indies, Central America,
South America, and (1 species) w Africa, including narrow-leaved species sometimes separated
as the genus Rhodophiala. A number are widely cultivated as ornamentals and numerous
hybrids are known. Nomenclature in this group has been controversial—many species were
originally named in the genus Amaryllis, but that genus is now treated as containing only the
BELLADONNA-LILY, A. belladonna L., of South Africa (Goldblatt 1984; Meerow et al. 1997). (Greek
hippeus, rider, and astron, star, the allusion obscure—Holmes 2002b)
REFERENCES: Sealy 1937; Traub & Moldenke 1949; Goldblatt 1984; Tjaden 1985; Brandham &
Bhandol 1997; Meerow et al. 1997; Holmes 2002b.
1. Perianth ca. 5 cm or less long; plant flowering in Aug–Sep _________________________________ H. bifidum
1. Perianth 12 cm or more long; plant flowering in spring to early summer ___________________ H. puniceum
Hippeastrum bifidum (Herb.) Baker, (divided into 2 parts), OXBLOOD-LILY, HURRICANE-LILY,
SCHOOLHOUSE-LILY, FALL AMARYLLIS. Plant to ca. 30–40 cm tall; foliage present during fall, winter,
and spring, absent in summer, appearing after the flowers; leaves linear, somewhat glaucous;
flowers 2–4(–6) per naked stalk; perianth bright red, to ca. 5 cm long, the tube very short. Cultivated