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764 ORCHIDACEAE/HABENARIA or reddish markings, resupinate; sepals 15–25 mm long, lip 3-lobed, hinged, mobile, the protruding portion (= epichile) “when touched or stirred by a slight breeze, flaps rapidly like the jaw of an overly talkative person” (Liggio & Liggio 1999); capsules pendent, 2–2.5 cm long. Stream banks in woods, usually associated with limestone springs and seeps (in TX Adiantum capillus-veneris, VENUS’-HAIR FERN or SOUTHERN MAIDENHAIR FERN, is a common associate); Blackland Prairie in Hays and Travis (BRIT) cos. near w edge of East TX, also Austin, Dallas (Correll 1961), Gonzales (Liggio & Liggio 1999), and Washington (T. Kiphart, pers. comm.) cos.; also scattered in w 1/2 of TX; B.C. and throughout w U.S. e to MT and TX, also SD. Mar–Aug. According to Luer (1975), the common name CHATTERBOX is used “because the oscillating portion of the protruding lip from the bottom of the flower reminds one of a loquacious acquaintance.” Pollination is reportedly by syrphid flies (Luer 1975). This species is considered to be of conservation concern in TX. (RARE 2002b: G3S3) � m/286 HABENARIA Willd. FINGER ORCHID, FALSE REIN ORCHID, REIN ORCHID Plants erect to ascending; roots both slender and tuberous, fleshy; tuberoids sometimes present at base of stem; leaves 3–8, sheathing the stem; inflorescences spicate racemes with few to many flowers; flowers white or green, resupinate; petals deeply 2-parted; lip deeply 3-parted, not fringed, with a spur; pollinia 2; capsules erect to semi-erect. AA pantropical and subtropical genus of ca. 600 species (Sheviak 2002c), the number depending on circumscription. A number of segregates are sometimes split out based on differences in flower structure and roots. For example, many species previously placed in Habenaria are now treated in Platanthera (see discussion under Platanthera). (Latin: habena, reins, thong, or strap, in allusion to the shape of the long, strap-like divisions of the lip of some species) REFERENCES: Ames 1910; Luer 1972; Brown 2000b; Sheviak 2002c. 1. Petals (including lip) white; spur 5–8 cm long, much longer than the pedicellate ovary; lateral lobes of the lip 10–18 mm long _________________________________________________ H. quinqueseta 1. Petals (including lip) green; spur 0.9–1.4 cm long, ca. as long as the pedicellate ovary; lateral lobes of the lip 5–11 mm long _______________________________________________________ H. repens Habenaria quinqueseta (Michx.) Eaton, (five bristles, in reference to the five long narrow structures of the perianth—these being the lower division of each of the 2 petals and the 3 lobes of the lip), PINE HABENARIA, MICHAUX’S ORCHID. Plant 20–50(–60) cm tall; roots fibrous; ovoid tuberoid usually present at base of stem; leaves 3–7, ovate to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5–20 cm long, 2–6 cm wide; inflorescences loosely-flowered, with 3–15 flowers; flowers fragrant; sepals green, oblong to ovate-oblong, 6–13 mm long; petals white, deeply 2-parted, the upper division linear-oblong, falcate, 4–9 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide (the upper divisions of the 2 petals converging in front of the upper sepal), the lower division filiform, recurved, 10–12 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; lip deeply 3-parted, the lateral lobes filiform, 10–18 mm long, recurved, the middle lobe linear, 8–15 mm long; spur slender to slightly club-shaped, recurved, usually 5–8 cm long, much longer than the ovary; capsules 15–20 mm long. Pinelands, flatwoods, swamps; included for East TX based on range maps in Luer (1972) and Sheviak (2002c) showing occurrence in the se part of the Pineywoods; possibly also in the Gulf Prairies and Marshes; no county distribution map is provided. Correll (1961) cited a Charles Wright (who collected in TX in mid-1800s) collection of undetermined county (but probably in the Big Thicket—Liggio & Liggio 1999); according to Geiser (1937, based on Asa Gray’s letters), Wright’s collecting in deep East TX was in Angelina, Jasper, Newton, and Tyler counties. The current occurrence of this species in the state is questionable. As indicated by Liggio and Liggio (1999), “This orchid was undoubtedly a rare, disjunct species in Texas when Wright collected it. It was probably an isolated occurrence at the western limit of its range.” Se U.S. from SC s to FL w to TX. Aug–Sep. [Orchis quinqueseta Michx.] This species has often been treated as including H. macroceratitis Willd. [H. quinqueseta var. macroceratitis (Willd.) Luer]; however, Brown (2000b) considered the two to be distinct species. m/287
Calopogon tuberosus [FNA] Corallorhiza odontorhiza [BB1] Cleistes bifaria [HEB] ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 765 CROSS SECTIONS OF CREST Corallorhiza wisteriana [FNA] Cypripedium kentuckiense [RJG] Epipactis gigantea [PMC] LIP Calopogon oklahomensis [LIN]
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KEYS TO THE VASCULAR PLANTS 309 KEY
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KEY TO FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS 311
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Key to Families of Gymnosperms KEY
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20. Flowers in a single, small (4-4
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38. Stamens 6 per flower. 39. Peria
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57. Leaves reduced to scales only;
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FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS (PTERIDOPH
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ISOETES/ISOETACEAE 323 DIVISION LYC
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Psilotum nudum [KNO] Isoetes butler
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LYCOPODIELLA/LYCOPODIACEAE 327 Beit
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SELAGINELLA/SELAGINELLACEAE 329 Pse
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 331
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Palhinhaea cernua [CLU] Selaginella
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leaf blade petiole rhizome root sca
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ASPLENIUM L. SPLEENWORT ASPLENIUM/A
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WOODWARDIA/BLECHNACEAE 339 1. Plant
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MEGASPORE Woodwardia areolata [LUN]
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DRYOPTERIDACEAE 343 AThe family as
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Anemia mexicana Azolla caroliniana
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DRYOPTERIS/DRYOPTERIDACEAE 347 Carr
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WOODSIA/DRYOPTERIDACEAE 351 Tectari
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MARSILEA/MARSILEACEAE 353 etation (
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BOTRYCHIUM/OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 357 REFE
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Nephrolepis exaltata Onoclea sensib
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OPHIOGLOSSUM/OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 361 Op
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PTERIDACEAE 365 and pous or podium,
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Botrychium virginianum Ophioglossum
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CERATOPTERIS/PTERIDACEAE 371 Astrol
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Argyrochosma dealbata [LUN] Astrole
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Cheilanthes feei [LUN] Cheilanthes
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Astrolepis integerrima Astrolepis s
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SALVINIACEAE 379 fern, derived from
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SALVINIA/SALVINIACEAE 381 NM, and N
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Pellaea ovata Pellaea wrightiana IL
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Thelypteris dentata [SM3] STERILE F
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GYMNOSPERMS EPHEDRACEAE 389 AThe te
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DIVISION PINOPHYTA CONIFERS CUPRESS
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JUNIPERUS/CUPRESSACEAE 393 allergen
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Ephedra antisyphilitica [LUN] Junip
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PINUS/PINACEAE 397 clusters at the
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� � � � � � Pinus echin
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Ephedra antisyphilitica Juniperus a
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MAGNOLIOPHYTA 403 consumed in large
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CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE MONOCOTYLEDON
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AGAVACEAE 407 produced in North Ame
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HESPERALOE/AGAVACEAE 409 for their
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Acorus calamus [GLE] Hesperaloe eng
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YUCCA/AGAVACEAE 413 snakebite (Verh
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7. Leaves straight or nearly so, la
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Manfreda virginica subsp. lata [HEA
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Manfreda maculosa Manfreda sileri I
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ALISMA/ALISMATACEAE 423 1. Pistils
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Yucca rupicola [LYN] Yucca treculea
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SAGITTARIA/ALISMATACEAE 427 long te
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Echinodorus tenellus [FLN, RHO] Sag
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Yucca treculeana ILLUSTRATED FLORA
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ALLIUM/ALLIACEAE 433 pounds are ant
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ALLIUM/ALLIACEAE 435 Allium ampelop
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STAMENS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST T
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CAPSULE Allium canadense var. mobil
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var. fraseri-▲ var. hyacinthoides
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AMARYLLIDACEAE 443 and edible (Baye
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COOPERIA/AMARYLLIDACEAE 445 REFEREN
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BULBILS CAPSULE Allium sativum [ANO
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HABRANTHUS/AMARYLLIDACEAE 449 obser
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CAPSULES SEED Habranthus tubispathu
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LYCORIS/AMARYLLIDACEAE 455 usually
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Hymenocallis liriosme [HEA] Leucoju
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Narcissus jonquilla [NIC] Narcissus
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ANTHERICACEAE 461 2000), Anderson,
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ARACEAE 463 hemiepiphytes, and aqua
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ARISAEMA/ARACEAE 465 has been disag
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ORONTIUM/ARACEAE 469 down the insid
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Echeandia flavescens [MCV] Colocasi
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ARECACEAE 473 oped rhizomes present
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ASPARAGACEAE 475 spreading from cul
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BROMELIACEAE 477 jointed pedicels;
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Xanthosoma sagittifolium [BA1] Saba
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APTERIA/BURMANNIACEAE 481 FAMILY RE
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S. minor � S. mexicana-� ILLUST
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UVULARIA/COLCHICACEAE 485 blurred,
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ANTHER CAPSULE PISTIL Apteria aphyl
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CALLISIA/COMMELINACEAE 489 the Haem
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COMMELINA/COMMELINACEAE 491 4. Spat
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SINGLE FLOWER INFLORESCENCE Callisi
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TRADESCANTIA/COMMELINACEAE 495 & Tv
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FRUITING INFLORESCENCE Murdannia nu
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Tradescantia paludosa [AND] Tradesc
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CYPERACEAE 507 become split by grow
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CYPERACEAE 509 10. Scales of spikel
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BULBOSTYLIS/CYPERACEAE 511 1. Spike
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 517 The following
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 519 of leaf sheath
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 521 37. Perigynia
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 523 58. Achene sho
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 525 85. Larger per
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Carex abscondita [MAC] Carex albica
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 531 persists in li
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Carex decomposita [MAC] Carex digit
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Carex triangularis [MAC] Carex tetr
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 559 1974; Baijan
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 561 21. Leaf bla
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 563 fresh; achen
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 565 tively more
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 573 Cyperus invo
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Cyperus esculentus [REE] Cyperus fi
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 577 around the s
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Cyperus iria [GWO] Cyperus lanceola
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Cyperus surinamensis [BT2] Cyperus
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 587 5. Culms
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 589 27. Spike
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 591 43. Scale
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 593 compressa
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 601 ing mats;
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FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl FIMBRY FIMBRISTYL
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Fimbristylis annua [SID] Fimbristyl
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REFERENCES: Coville 1890; Bush 1905
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 621 Lipocar
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 623 10. Per
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 625 34. Cul
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Lipocarpha aristulata [GWO] Lipocar
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SCHOENOPLECTUS/CYPERACEAE 641 exten
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Schoenoplectus pungens [MAS] Schoen
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SCLERIA/CYPERACEAE 649 5. Lowest la
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SCLERIA/CYPERACEAE 651 with a pair
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ERIOCAULON/ERIOCAULACEAE 657 1. Pet
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ERIOCAULON/ERIOCAULACEAE 659 bracts
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� Dioscorea bulbifera [HEB] ILLUS
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HYACINTHACEAE 663 orange zone towar
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Scleria pauciflora ILLUSTRATED FLOR
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� � ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST T
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SCHOENOLIRION/HYACINTHACEAE 669 som
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HYDROCHARITACEAE 671 AA small (116
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HYDRILLIA/HYDROCHARITACEAE 673 marg
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OTTELIA Pers. DUCK-LETTUCE OTTELIA/
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� Vallisneria americana [LAM] Ott
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IRIDACEAE 683 inflorescences with 1
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BELAMCANDA Adans. LEOPARD-LILY, BLA
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IRIS/IRIDACEAE 691 6. Cauline leaf
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Iris brevicaulis [YAT] ILLUSTRATED
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SISYRINCHIUM/IRIDACEAE 697 3. Inflo
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Sisyrinchium ensigerum [CUR] Sisyri
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JUNCUS/JUNCACEAE 703 mainly in wet
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JUNCUS/JUNCACEAE 705 yellowish, lea
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Juncus acuminatus [MAS] Juncus anth
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Juncus dichotomus [GWO] Juncus effu
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Page 409 and 410: var. validus-● var. facinatus-�
Page 413 and 414: LEMNA/LEMNACEAE 721 Pineywoods and
Page 415 and 416: SPIRODELA/LEMNACEAE 723 Lemna turio
Page 417 and 418: NOTE 3 VEINS � TOP VIEW Lemna min
Page 421 and 422: LILIACEAE 729 The lily family (even
Page 423 and 424: ERYTHRONIUM/LILIACEAE 731 17. Tepal
Page 425 and 426: Wolffia columbiana [GWO, MIB] Wolff
Page 427 and 428: LIMNOCHARITACEAE 735 1. Perianth wh
Page 429 and 430: THALIA/MARANTACEAE 737 pollen prese
Page 431 and 432: MELANTHIACEAE 739 AA small family (
Page 433 and 434: Lilium philippinense [GCH] SEED FOL
Page 437 and 438: VERATRUM/MELANTHIACEAE 745 circumsc
Page 439 and 440: Zigadenus glaberrimus [GLE] Schoeno
Page 441 and 442: ALETRIS/NARTHECIACEAE 749 Tofieldia
Page 443 and 444: DASYLIRION Zucc. SOTOL, SHAGGY-LILY
Page 445 and 446: FLOWER Aletris aurea [CO1] Aletris
Page 447 and 448: ORCHIDACEAE 755 45 occur in East TX
Page 449 and 450: CALOPOGON/ORCHIDACEAE 757 5-25 flow
Page 451 and 452: CLEISTES/ORCHIDACEAE 759 long; lip
Page 453 and 454: CYPRIPEDIUM/ORCHIDACEAE 761 while t
Page 455: Stenanthium gramineum Toxicoscordio
Page 459 and 460: HEXALECTRIS/ORCHIDACEAE 767 rain. A
Page 461 and 462: Habenaria quinqueseta [LUN] Habenar
Page 463 and 464: PLATANTHERA/ORCHIDACEAE 771 PLATANT
Page 465 and 466: PLATANTHERA/ORCHIDACEAE 773 Platant
Page 471 and 472: SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 779 mm wide,
Page 473 and 474: SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 781 12. Lip
Page 475 and 476: Platanthera lacera [YAT] Pogonia op
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Page 483 and 484: TRIPHORA/ORCHIDACEAE 791 an example
Page 487 and 488: LEAF collar rhizome blade ligule sh
Page 489 and 490: POACEAE 797 Dissection is usually n
Page 491 and 492: POACEAE 799 rower and often differe
Page 493 and 494: POACEAE 801 6. Lemmas awned, the tw
Page 495 and 496: POACEAE 803 30. Lemma veins none to
Page 497 and 498: POACEAE 805 13. Inflorescences narr
Page 499 and 500: POACEAE 807 12. Lemma awnless; infl
Page 501 and 502: POACEAE 809 inflorescence solitary,
Page 503 and 504: POACEAE 811 29. Spikelets loosely a
Page 505 and 506: POACEAE 813 20. Basal leaves usuall
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AEGILOPS/POACEAE 815 23. Spikelets
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AGROSTIS/POACEAE 817 Agrostis hyema
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ANDROPOGON/POACEAE 821 colonizing e
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ANTHENANTIA/POACEAE 825 to be the e
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ARISTIDA/POACEAE 829 9. Lemma thick
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ARISTIDA/POACEAE 831 BRIT), Newton
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Anthoxanthum aristatum [BB2] Anthox
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AXONOPUS/POACEAE 839 duced to the U
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Avena fatua [HI1] Arundo donax [LYN
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BOTHRIOCHLOA/POACEAE 843 var. barbi
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Aristida purpurea (all vars.) ILLUS
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Axonopus compressus [HI1] Axonopus
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BOUTELOUA/POACEAE 849 state grass b
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Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songari
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Bouteloua pectinata [BOT, HEA] Bout
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BROMUS/POACEAE 857 8. Lemmas and gl
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BUCHLOE/POACEAE 861 ticularly in th
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CHASMANTHIUM/POACEAE 865 [C. caroli
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CHLORIS/POACEAE 871 East TX; mainly
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Chasmanthium sessiliflorum [USB] Ch
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CORTADERIA/POACEAE 875 of the inflo
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DANTHONIA/POACEAE 881 Dactylocteniu
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Cynodon dactylon [REE] Cynosurus ec
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 885 AA genus
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 887 20. Inter
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 889 26. Leaf
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Danthonia spicata [USB] Desmazeria
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 897 and Harri
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Dichanthelium acuminatum (all vars.
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 905 that this
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DIGITARIA/POACEAE 909 2. Main axis
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Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon [HI] IL
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DIGITARIA/POACEAE 913 with papilla-
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Digitaria bicornis [HEB] ILLUSTRATE
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Digitaria insularis [HI1] Digitaria
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EHRHARTA/POACEAE 921 spikelets (2.5
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ELIONURUS/POACEAE 923 Since this co
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Echinochloa crus-gali [REE] Echinoc
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ENTEROPOGON Nees UMBRELLA GRASS ENT
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ERAGROSTIS/POACEAE 931 8. Infloresc
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ERAGROSTIS/POACEAE 933 12. Pedicels
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Elymus repens [HI1] Elymus smithii
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Eragrostis japonica [USB] ILLUSTRAT
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ERIONEURON/POACEAE 945 Shaw and Sme
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� � � ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EA
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FESTUCA/POACEAE 951 rachilla glabro
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GYMNOPOGON/POACEAE 955 Glyceria sep
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HILARIA/POACEAE 957 REFERENCES: Eme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Fes
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KOELERIA/POACEAE 963 Andropogoneae,
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Heteropogon melanocarpus [HI1] Hord
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LEPTOCHLOA/POACEAE 967 Leersia oryz
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Koe
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Hor
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LOLIUM/POACEAE 973 Charmet et al. 1
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Leptochloa nealleyi [USB] Lolium ri
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MICROSTEGIUM/POACEAE 977 AA variabl
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Lep
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Lolium temulentum [USB] Melica muti
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MUHLENBERGIA/POACEAE 983 10. Lemma
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MUHLENBERGIA/POACEAE 985 and Prairi
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Mon
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Mic
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Muh
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PANICUM/POACEAE 993 fact that gener
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PANICUM/POACEAE 995 17. Spikelets 2
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Oryza sativa [HI1] Panicum anceps [
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Muh
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PANICUM/POACEAE 1001 Panicum hallii
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Panicum trichoides [HI2] ILLUSTRATE
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1009 5. Spikelets
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1011 27. Axils of
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Panicum virgatum [RCA] Paspalum acu
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1019 loam soils; w
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PENNISETUM/POACEAE 1025 unit as in
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Paspalum repens [USB] ILLUSTRATED F
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PHALARIS/POACEAE 1029 landscapes (B
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Paspalum pubiflorum (both vars.) IL
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Pennisetum purpureum [HUT] Penniset
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POA/POACEAE 1035 around awn base; l
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POA/POACEAE 1037 long. Forests, flo
Page 731 and 732:
Page 733 and 734:
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
SACCHARUM/POACEAE 1045 1. Awn of le
Page 739 and 740:
SCHEDONNARDUS/POACEAE 1047 lower gl
Page 741 and 742:
Page 743 and 744:
Page 745 and 746:
SETARIA/POACEAE 1053 Paspalidium (W
Page 747 and 748:
SETARIA/POACEAE 1055 14. Leaf blade
Page 749 and 750:
Schizachyrium tenerum [HI1, USB] Sc
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754:
Page 755 and 756:
SORGHUM/POACEAE 1063 2000) indicate
Page 757 and 758:
SPARTINA/POACEAE 1065 Americas it [
Page 759 and 760:
Sorghastrum elliottii [HI1] Sorghas
Page 761 and 762:
Page 763 and 764:
SPOROBOLUS/POACEAE 1071 7. Lemma ap
Page 765 and 766:
Page 767 and 768:
STEINCHISMA/POACEAE 1075 Sporobolus
Page 769 and 770:
Sphenopholis obtusata (both vars.)
Page 771 and 772:
Sporobolus neglectus [HI1] Sporobol
Page 773 and 774:
TRICHONEURA/POACEAE 1081 guish it f
Page 775 and 776:
Stenotaphrum secundatum [USB] Trich
Page 777 and 778:
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781 and 782:
TRISETUM/POACEAE 1089 low areas; ne
Page 783 and 784:
UROCHLOA/POACEAE 1091 AA C4 genus o
Page 785 and 786:
Page 787 and 788:
Tridens eragrostoides Tridens flavu
Page 789 and 790:
VULPIA/POACEAE 1097 2. Lemmas (exce
Page 791 and 792:
Page 793 and 794:
Page 795 and 796:
ZIZANIOPSIS/POACEAE 1103 (1999) (po
Page 797 and 798:
Page 799 and 800:
EICHHORNIA/PONTEDERIACEAE 1107 REFE
Page 801 and 802:
Zoysia japonica [HOL] Zoysia pacifi
Page 803 and 804:
POTAMOGETON/POTAMOGETONACEAE 1111 1
Page 805 and 806:
POTAMOGETON/POTAMOGETONACEAE 1113 P
Page 807 and 808:
Page 809 and 810:
Page 811 and 812:
SMILAX/SMILACACEAE 1119 times woody
Page 813 and 814:
SMILAX/SMILACACEAE 1121 30(-60) mm
Page 815 and 816:
Stuckenia pectinata [MAS] ILLUSTRAT
Page 817 and 818:
Page 819 and 820:
THEMIDACEAE 1127 cover for various
Page 821 and 822:
Smilax rotundifolia [JEM] ILLUSTRAT
Page 823 and 824:
TRILLIUM/TRILLIACEAE 1131 Schilling
Page 825 and 826:
TRILLIUM/TRILLIACEAE 1133 taxonomic
Page 827 and 828:
Triantha racemosa [GLE] Trillium lu
Page 829 and 830:
TYPHA/TYPHACEAE 1137 REFERENCES: Wi
Page 831 and 832:
XYRIS/XYRIDACEAE 1139 cone-like spi
Page 833 and 834:
XYRIS/XYRIDACEAE 1141 11. Plant bas
Page 835 and 836:
Sparganium americanum Typha latifol
Page 837 and 838:
Typha domingensis[ BT3] Typha latif
Page 839 and 840:
Xyris drummondii [SID] Xyris fimbri
Page 841 and 842:
Xyris smalliana [SID] ILLUSTRATED F
Page 843:
Xyris caroliniana Xyris difformis (
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keys to the vascular plants of east texas - Botanical Research ...

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