keys to the vascular plants of east texas - Botanical Research ...

454 AMARYLLIDACEAE/LEUCOJUM
1. Plants flowering summer–early fall (Jul–Sep); leaves withering before flowering time OR leaves
fresh at flowering time, distinctly wider above middle before tapering toward end, narrowly
oblanceolate in overall shape, 2–6 cm wide, � not coriaceous; perianth tube 7–13.5 cm long;
corona (2.5–)3.3–4(–4.5) cm long; free portion of filaments 2.5–4 cm long; plants of variable, but
sometimes mesic habitats _______________________________________________________ H. occidentalis
Hymenocallis liriosme (Raf.) Shinners, (lily-smell or fragrant lily), SPRING SPIDER-LILY, WESTERN
SPIDER-LILY, FRAGRANT SPIDER-LILY, WESTERN MARSH SPIDER-LILY, LOUISIANA MARSH SPIDER-LILY.
Plant to 68(–88) cm tall; leaves shiny green; flowers (3–)5–12; perianth similar to that of H.
occidentalis but slightly smaller, the tepals 6–9 cm long, 8 mm or less wide. Stream bottoms,
ditches, pond margins, other wet areas, sometimes in shallow water; widespread in Pineywoods
and e Post Oak Savannah; also n Gulf Prairies and Marshes; AL, AR, LA, MS, OK, and TX. Mar–
May. [H. caroliniana of TX authors, not (L.) Herb., H. galvestonensis (Herb.) Baker, H. galvestonensis
subsp. angustifolia Traub, Pancratium liriosme Raf.] Shinners (1951a) correctly recognized
there was only one spring-flowering SPIDER-LILY in TX; unfortunately, later authors (e.g., Correll
& Johnston 1970; Jones et al. 1997; Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003) thought there were two
species and called one of them H. caroliniana, a species whose type specimen is actually of a
different species and even genus, Pancratium maritimum L. (Smith & Flory 2002). m/289
Hymenocallis occidentalis (J. Le Conte) Kunth, (western), WOODLAND SPIDER-LILY, HAMMOCK SPIDER-
LILY, NORTHERN SPIDER-LILY, SUMMER SPIDER-LILY. Plant similar to H. liriosme, (40–)50–75 cm tall;
leaves glaucous when young; flowers 3–9; perianth extremely large and showy, the tepals white,
green-striped on keel, (7–)8.5–11.5 cm long, 10 mm or less wide, the corona white with small yellowish
green eye.
1. Leaves withering before flowering time _________________________________________________ var. eulae
1. Leaves fresh at flowering time ___________________________________________________ var. occidentalis
var. eulae (Shinners) Ger. L. Sm. & Flory, (for Eula Whitehouse, 1892–1974, herbarium botanist
and collector at Southern Methodist University, and author/artist of Texas Flowers in Natural
Colors (1936), the first color-illustrated guide to TX wildflowers). Leaves appearing in late winter,
withering in late spring before flowering, suberect; scape bracts 4–5 cm long. Sandy pine or
mixed hardwood forests, in heavy soils near streams, seepage slopes; Shelby, Smith, Tyler (BRIT),
Burleson (TAMU), Madison (Neill & Wilson 2001), Anderson, Gregg, Grimes, Panola, and Red
River (Turner et al. 2003) cos.; OK and TX. Summer–early fall. [H. eulae Shinners] Smith and
Flory (2002) indicated that this taxon is in need of additional study. m/289
var. occidentalis. Leaves appearing in late winter, fresh at flowering and subsequently withering,
arching outward; scape bracts 4.5–7 cm long. Floodplain forests, wooded hillsides, sometimes
in upland mesic forests; according to Smith and Flory (2002) and Smith and Garland
(2003), this taxon occurs widely in the e U.S. from NC s to FL w to IL, AR, and LA but not in TX.
Turner et al. (2003) mapped H. caroliniana (a misapplied name) widely in East TX and the Gulf
Prairies and Marshes. It is unclear whether they were referring to H. liriosome or possibly to H.
occidentalis var. occidentalis. However, we have not seen any specimens that are unambiguously
var. occidentalis and are thus only provisionally including this species for East TX; no distribution
map is provided. Summer–early fall. [H. caroliniana of authors, not (L.) Herb.] This
taxon has long been cultivated in southern gardens, and specimens “often have been identified
as H. caroliniana (Linnaeus) Herbert on herbarium sheets and in floras” (Smith & Flory 2002).
However, that name is now known to be a synonym of a different species (Smith & Flory 2002).
LEUCOJUM L. SNOWFLAKE
AA genus of ca. 10 species (Straley & Utech 2002c) ranging from Europe to nw Africa and sw
Asia; related to and sometimes confused with Galanthus (Meerow et al. 1999 [2000], 2000b).
However, Leucojum has “perianth segments that are all equal in size, and hollow stems that are