keys to the vascular plants of east texas - Botanical Research ...

CLEISTES/ORCHIDACEAE
759
long; lip 7–13.5 mm long; disk of lip pink, the same color as most of flower; stigma flat against
column surface; 2n = 38, 40. Apr–May. Bogs, marshes, other wet areas; cited by Correll and
Johnston (1970) as occurring in Henderson Co.; supposedly Pineywoods and Post Oak Savannah
(Hatch et al. 1990). However, Goldman (1995) indicated that all TX specimens previously
identified as C. barbatus are actually small individuals of C. oklahomensis. In addition, Liggio
and Liggio (1999) did not include the species for TX and commented, “C. barbatus does not grow
in Texas.” While we therefore do not consider C. barbatus to be a component of the TX flora,
this discussion was added for clarity and the species is included in the above key for completeness;
no county distribution map is provided. Se U.S. from NC s to FL w to w LA. According to
Goldman et al. (2002a), “The type specimen for the basionym of Calopogon barbatus, Ophrys
barbata Walter, is actually C. multiflorus (D.H. Goldman 1998a). The name Ophrys barbata,
however, has been proposed for conservation (Goldman 1998a; Brummitt 2000), in which case
no nomenclatural change will be necessary.”
CLEISTES Rich. ex Lindl. SPREADING POGONIA, ROSEBUD ORCHID
AA New World genus of ca. 25 species (Gregg & Catling 2002), with most in tropical and subtropical
areas (primarily South America) and two species in the e U.S.; the genus has in the past
frequently been considered to have considerably more species—e.g., 55–57 (Mabberley 1997;
Liggio & Liggio 1999). Cleistes was previously included in the similar genus Pogonia, and some
authors are once again placing it in Pogonia (J. Liggio, pers. comm.). The two e U.S. species can
reproduce asexually by root shoots (Gregg & Catling 2002). Because no TX material is available,
the following description is adapted from those in Catling and Gregg (1992) and Gregg and
Catling (2002). (Greek: cleistos, closed, referring to the non-spreading petals which give the
flowers a closed tubular appearance even when in full bloom—Schultes & Pease 1963)
REFERENCES: Ames 1922; Fernald 1946c; Baldwin & Speese 1957; Luer 1972, 1975; Gregg 1989;
Catling & Gregg 1992; Gregg & Catling 2002.
Cleistes bifaria (Fernald) Catling & Gregg, (“two-fold; from the two areas of occurrence”—
Fernald 1950a), SMALLER ROSEBUD ORCHID, SMALLER SPREADING POGONIA, ROSEBUD ORCHID,
SPREADING POGONIA, ROSE ORCHID, LADY’S-ETTERCAP. Plant terrestrial, (12–)15–46(–64) cm tall,
glabrous, bluish green, glaucous; roots numerous, slender, fibrous; stems rigidly erect; leaf solitary(–2),
inserted near mid-stem, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, (2.5–)4.5–14.5 cm long;
inflorescence of 1(–3) large flower(s); floral bract leaf-like, narrowly lanceolate, 1.9–9 cm long;
flower(s) resupinate; sepals olive-green, brown, or maroon, linear-lanceolate, 24–55 mm long,
(2–)3–5 mm wide, ascending, spreading-ascending, or recurved; lateral petals rose-pink or
pinkish white, acuminate or acute, with recurved apices, 21–36 mm long, 6–10(–12) mm wide,
converging over the column and lip, making the flower appear tubular and closed except distally;
lip rose-pink or pinkish-white with rose or purple veins, oblanceolate, slightly 3-lobed,
21–33(–38.5) mm long, 13–16 mm wide, marginally crenulate, with a conspicuous, yellowish,
fleshy, longitudinal crest; column slender, 13–19 mm long; pollinia 2, yellow. Wetland pine
savannahs, wet meadows, and woodlands, acidic soils; included based on a collection by E.J.
Palmer (county not specified) cited by Correll (1944, 1961), presumably in the Pineywoods. This
species has not been seen in TX since before the middle of the 20th century (Liggio & Liggio
1999) and the nearest known location is in e LA (Catling & Gregg 1992); no county distribution
map is provided; se U.S. from VA s to FL w to LA and ?TX. Probably Apr–May in TX. [C.
divaricata (L.) Ames var. bifaria Fernald, Pogonia bifaria (Fernald) P.M. Br. & Wunderlin] In TX,
this species has long gone under the name C. divaricata (L.) Ames (e.g., Hatch et al. 1990); however,
detailed study (Catling & Gregg 1992) indicated that C. bifaria is worthy of specific recognition.
Its short column and the combination of the pink to pinkish white petals and olivegreen,
brown, or maroon, elongate, linear-lanceolate, ascending and often recurved sepals allow
easy recognition. Pollination is reportedly by bees (Catling & Catling 1991b; Gregg 1989, 1991);