keys to the vascular plants of east texas - Botanical Research ...

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532 ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS var. atlantica–▲ var. capillacea–● Carex arkansana Carex atlantica Carex austrina Carex basiantha Carex blanda Carex brevior Carex bromoides Carex bulbostylis Carex bushii Carex caroliniana Carex cephalophora Carex cherokeensis
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 533 Carex bromoides [MAC] Carex bulbostylis [MAC] Carex bushii [MAC] Carex caroliniana [MAC] Carex cephalophora [MAC] Carex cherokeensis [MAC]
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KEYS TO THE VASCULAR PLANTS 309 KEY
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KEY TO FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS 311
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Key to Families of Gymnosperms KEY
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20. Flowers in a single, small (4-4
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38. Stamens 6 per flower. 39. Peria
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57. Leaves reduced to scales only;
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FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS (PTERIDOPH
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ISOETES/ISOETACEAE 323 DIVISION LYC
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Psilotum nudum [KNO] Isoetes butler
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LYCOPODIELLA/LYCOPODIACEAE 327 Beit
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SELAGINELLA/SELAGINELLACEAE 329 Pse
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 331
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Palhinhaea cernua [CLU] Selaginella
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leaf blade petiole rhizome root sca
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ASPLENIUM L. SPLEENWORT ASPLENIUM/A
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WOODWARDIA/BLECHNACEAE 339 1. Plant
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MEGASPORE Woodwardia areolata [LUN]
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DRYOPTERIDACEAE 343 AThe family as
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Anemia mexicana Azolla caroliniana
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DRYOPTERIS/DRYOPTERIDACEAE 347 Carr
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WOODSIA/DRYOPTERIDACEAE 351 Tectari
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MARSILEA/MARSILEACEAE 353 etation (
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BOTRYCHIUM/OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 357 REFE
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Nephrolepis exaltata Onoclea sensib
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OPHIOGLOSSUM/OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 361 Op
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PTERIDACEAE 365 and pous or podium,
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Botrychium virginianum Ophioglossum
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CERATOPTERIS/PTERIDACEAE 371 Astrol
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Argyrochosma dealbata [LUN] Astrole
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Cheilanthes feei [LUN] Cheilanthes
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Astrolepis integerrima Astrolepis s
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SALVINIACEAE 379 fern, derived from
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SALVINIA/SALVINIACEAE 381 NM, and N
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Pellaea ovata Pellaea wrightiana IL
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Thelypteris dentata [SM3] STERILE F
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GYMNOSPERMS EPHEDRACEAE 389 AThe te
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DIVISION PINOPHYTA CONIFERS CUPRESS
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JUNIPERUS/CUPRESSACEAE 393 allergen
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Ephedra antisyphilitica [LUN] Junip
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PINUS/PINACEAE 397 clusters at the
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� � � � � � Pinus echin
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Ephedra antisyphilitica Juniperus a
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MAGNOLIOPHYTA 403 consumed in large
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CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE MONOCOTYLEDON
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AGAVACEAE 407 produced in North Ame
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HESPERALOE/AGAVACEAE 409 for their
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Acorus calamus [GLE] Hesperaloe eng
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YUCCA/AGAVACEAE 413 snakebite (Verh
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7. Leaves straight or nearly so, la
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Manfreda virginica subsp. lata [HEA
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Manfreda maculosa Manfreda sileri I
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ALISMA/ALISMATACEAE 423 1. Pistils
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Yucca rupicola [LYN] Yucca treculea
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SAGITTARIA/ALISMATACEAE 427 long te
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Echinodorus tenellus [FLN, RHO] Sag
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Yucca treculeana ILLUSTRATED FLORA
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ALLIUM/ALLIACEAE 433 pounds are ant
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ALLIUM/ALLIACEAE 435 Allium ampelop
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STAMENS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST T
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CAPSULE Allium canadense var. mobil
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var. fraseri-▲ var. hyacinthoides
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AMARYLLIDACEAE 443 and edible (Baye
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COOPERIA/AMARYLLIDACEAE 445 REFEREN
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BULBILS CAPSULE Allium sativum [ANO
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HABRANTHUS/AMARYLLIDACEAE 449 obser
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CAPSULES SEED Habranthus tubispathu
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LYCORIS/AMARYLLIDACEAE 455 usually
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Hymenocallis liriosme [HEA] Leucoju
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Narcissus jonquilla [NIC] Narcissus
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ANTHERICACEAE 461 2000), Anderson,
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ARACEAE 463 hemiepiphytes, and aqua
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ARISAEMA/ARACEAE 465 has been disag
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ORONTIUM/ARACEAE 469 down the insid
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Echeandia flavescens [MCV] Colocasi
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ARECACEAE 473 oped rhizomes present
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ASPARAGACEAE 475 spreading from cul
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BROMELIACEAE 477 jointed pedicels;
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Xanthosoma sagittifolium [BA1] Saba
Page 173 and 174: APTERIA/BURMANNIACEAE 481 FAMILY RE
Page 175 and 176: S. minor � S. mexicana-� ILLUST
Page 177 and 178: UVULARIA/COLCHICACEAE 485 blurred,
Page 179 and 180: ANTHER CAPSULE PISTIL Apteria aphyl
Page 181 and 182: CALLISIA/COMMELINACEAE 489 the Haem
Page 183 and 184: COMMELINA/COMMELINACEAE 491 4. Spat
Page 185 and 186: SINGLE FLOWER INFLORESCENCE Callisi
Page 187 and 188: TRADESCANTIA/COMMELINACEAE 495 & Tv
Page 189 and 190: FRUITING INFLORESCENCE Murdannia nu
Page 191 and 192: ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 499
Page 195 and 196: Tradescantia paludosa [AND] Tradesc
Page 199 and 200: CYPERACEAE 507 become split by grow
Page 201 and 202: CYPERACEAE 509 10. Scales of spikel
Page 203 and 204: BULBOSTYLIS/CYPERACEAE 511 1. Spike
Page 209 and 210: CAREX/CYPERACEAE 517 The following
Page 211 and 212: CAREX/CYPERACEAE 519 of leaf sheath
Page 213 and 214: CAREX/CYPERACEAE 521 37. Perigynia
Page 215 and 216: CAREX/CYPERACEAE 523 58. Achene sho
Page 217 and 218: CAREX/CYPERACEAE 525 85. Larger per
Page 219 and 220: Carex abscondita [MAC] Carex albica
Page 223: CAREX/CYPERACEAE 531 persists in li
Page 229 and 230: Carex decomposita [MAC] Carex digit
Page 249 and 250: Carex triangularis [MAC] Carex tetr
Page 251 and 252: CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 559 1974; Baijan
Page 253 and 254: CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 561 21. Leaf bla
Page 255 and 256: CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 563 fresh; achen
Page 257 and 258: CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 565 tively more
Page 265 and 266: CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 573 Cyperus invo
Page 267 and 268: Cyperus esculentus [REE] Cyperus fi
Page 269 and 270: CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 577 around the s
Page 271 and 272: Cyperus iria [GWO] Cyperus lanceola
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Cyperus surinamensis [BT2] Cyperus
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 587 5. Culms
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 589 27. Spike
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 591 43. Scale
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 593 compressa
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 601 ing mats;
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FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl FIMBRY FIMBRISTYL
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Fimbristylis annua [SID] Fimbristyl
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REFERENCES: Coville 1890; Bush 1905
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 621 Lipocar
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 623 10. Per
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 625 34. Cul
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Lipocarpha aristulata [GWO] Lipocar
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SCHOENOPLECTUS/CYPERACEAE 641 exten
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Schoenoplectus pungens [MAS] Schoen
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SCLERIA/CYPERACEAE 649 5. Lowest la
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SCLERIA/CYPERACEAE 651 with a pair
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ERIOCAULON/ERIOCAULACEAE 657 1. Pet
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ERIOCAULON/ERIOCAULACEAE 659 bracts
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� Dioscorea bulbifera [HEB] ILLUS
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HYACINTHACEAE 663 orange zone towar
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Scleria pauciflora ILLUSTRATED FLOR
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� � ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST T
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SCHOENOLIRION/HYACINTHACEAE 669 som
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HYDROCHARITACEAE 671 AA small (116
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HYDRILLIA/HYDROCHARITACEAE 673 marg
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OTTELIA Pers. DUCK-LETTUCE OTTELIA/
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� Vallisneria americana [LAM] Ott
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IRIDACEAE 683 inflorescences with 1
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BELAMCANDA Adans. LEOPARD-LILY, BLA
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IRIS/IRIDACEAE 691 6. Cauline leaf
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Iris brevicaulis [YAT] ILLUSTRATED
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SISYRINCHIUM/IRIDACEAE 697 3. Inflo
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Sisyrinchium ensigerum [CUR] Sisyri
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JUNCUS/JUNCACEAE 703 mainly in wet
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JUNCUS/JUNCACEAE 705 yellowish, lea
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Juncus acuminatus [MAS] Juncus anth
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Juncus dichotomus [GWO] Juncus effu
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Juncus polycephalus [GWO] Juncus re
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var. validus-● var. facinatus-�
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LEMNA/LEMNACEAE 721 Pineywoods and
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SPIRODELA/LEMNACEAE 723 Lemna turio
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NOTE 3 VEINS � TOP VIEW Lemna min
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LILIACEAE 729 The lily family (even
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ERYTHRONIUM/LILIACEAE 731 17. Tepal
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Wolffia columbiana [GWO, MIB] Wolff
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LIMNOCHARITACEAE 735 1. Perianth wh
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THALIA/MARANTACEAE 737 pollen prese
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MELANTHIACEAE 739 AA small family (
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Lilium philippinense [GCH] SEED FOL
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VERATRUM/MELANTHIACEAE 745 circumsc
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Zigadenus glaberrimus [GLE] Schoeno
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ALETRIS/NARTHECIACEAE 749 Tofieldia
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DASYLIRION Zucc. SOTOL, SHAGGY-LILY
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FLOWER Aletris aurea [CO1] Aletris
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ORCHIDACEAE 755 45 occur in East TX
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CALOPOGON/ORCHIDACEAE 757 5-25 flow
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CLEISTES/ORCHIDACEAE 759 long; lip
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CYPRIPEDIUM/ORCHIDACEAE 761 while t
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Stenanthium gramineum Toxicoscordio
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Calopogon tuberosus [FNA] Corallorh
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HEXALECTRIS/ORCHIDACEAE 767 rain. A
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Habenaria quinqueseta [LUN] Habenar
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PLATANTHERA/ORCHIDACEAE 771 PLATANT
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PLATANTHERA/ORCHIDACEAE 773 Platant
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SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 779 mm wide,
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SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 781 12. Lip
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Platanthera lacera [YAT] Pogonia op
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SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 789 narrowes
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TRIPHORA/ORCHIDACEAE 791 an example
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LEAF collar rhizome blade ligule sh
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POACEAE 797 Dissection is usually n
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POACEAE 799 rower and often differe
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POACEAE 801 6. Lemmas awned, the tw
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POACEAE 803 30. Lemma veins none to
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POACEAE 805 13. Inflorescences narr
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POACEAE 807 12. Lemma awnless; infl
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POACEAE 809 inflorescence solitary,
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POACEAE 811 29. Spikelets loosely a
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POACEAE 813 20. Basal leaves usuall
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AEGILOPS/POACEAE 815 23. Spikelets
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AGROSTIS/POACEAE 817 Agrostis hyema
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ANDROPOGON/POACEAE 821 colonizing e
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ANTHENANTIA/POACEAE 825 to be the e
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ARISTIDA/POACEAE 829 9. Lemma thick
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ARISTIDA/POACEAE 831 BRIT), Newton
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Anthoxanthum aristatum [BB2] Anthox
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AXONOPUS/POACEAE 839 duced to the U
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Avena fatua [HI1] Arundo donax [LYN
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BOTHRIOCHLOA/POACEAE 843 var. barbi
Page 537 and 538:
Aristida purpurea (all vars.) ILLUS
Page 539 and 540:
Axonopus compressus [HI1] Axonopus
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BOUTELOUA/POACEAE 849 state grass b
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Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songari
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Page 547 and 548:
Bouteloua pectinata [BOT, HEA] Bout
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BROMUS/POACEAE 857 8. Lemmas and gl
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Page 553 and 554:
BUCHLOE/POACEAE 861 ticularly in th
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Page 557 and 558:
CHASMANTHIUM/POACEAE 865 [C. caroli
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CHLORIS/POACEAE 871 East TX; mainly
Page 565 and 566:
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum [USB] Ch
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CORTADERIA/POACEAE 875 of the inflo
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Page 571 and 572:
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DANTHONIA/POACEAE 881 Dactylocteniu
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Cynodon dactylon [REE] Cynosurus ec
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 885 AA genus
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 887 20. Inter
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 889 26. Leaf
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Danthonia spicata [USB] Desmazeria
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 897 and Harri
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Dichanthelium acuminatum (all vars.
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DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 905 that this
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Page 601 and 602:
DIGITARIA/POACEAE 909 2. Main axis
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Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon [HI] IL
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DIGITARIA/POACEAE 913 with papilla-
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Digitaria bicornis [HEB] ILLUSTRATE
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Page 611 and 612:
Digitaria insularis [HI1] Digitaria
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EHRHARTA/POACEAE 921 spikelets (2.5
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ELIONURUS/POACEAE 923 Since this co
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Page 619 and 620:
Echinochloa crus-gali [REE] Echinoc
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ENTEROPOGON Nees UMBRELLA GRASS ENT
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ERAGROSTIS/POACEAE 931 8. Infloresc
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ERAGROSTIS/POACEAE 933 12. Pedicels
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Elymus repens [HI1] Elymus smithii
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Page 631 and 632:
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Eragrostis japonica [USB] ILLUSTRAT
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ERIONEURON/POACEAE 945 Shaw and Sme
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� � � ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EA
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FESTUCA/POACEAE 951 rachilla glabro
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Page 647 and 648:
GYMNOPOGON/POACEAE 955 Glyceria sep
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HILARIA/POACEAE 957 REFERENCES: Eme
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Page 653 and 654:
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Fes
Page 655 and 656:
KOELERIA/POACEAE 963 Andropogoneae,
Page 657 and 658:
Heteropogon melanocarpus [HI1] Hord
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LEPTOCHLOA/POACEAE 967 Leersia oryz
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Koe
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Hor
Page 665 and 666:
LOLIUM/POACEAE 973 Charmet et al. 1
Page 667 and 668:
Leptochloa nealleyi [USB] Lolium ri
Page 669 and 670:
MICROSTEGIUM/POACEAE 977 AA variabl
Page 671 and 672:
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Lep
Page 673 and 674:
Lolium temulentum [USB] Melica muti
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MUHLENBERGIA/POACEAE 983 10. Lemma
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MUHLENBERGIA/POACEAE 985 and Prairi
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Mon
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Mic
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Muh
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PANICUM/POACEAE 993 fact that gener
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PANICUM/POACEAE 995 17. Spikelets 2
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Oryza sativa [HI1] Panicum anceps [
Page 691 and 692:
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Muh
Page 693 and 694:
PANICUM/POACEAE 1001 Panicum hallii
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Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
Panicum trichoides [HI2] ILLUSTRATE
Page 701 and 702:
PASPALUM/POACEAE 1009 5. Spikelets
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1011 27. Axils of
Page 705 and 706:
Panicum virgatum [RCA] Paspalum acu
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Page 709 and 710:
Page 711 and 712:
PASPALUM/POACEAE 1019 loam soils; w
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Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
PENNISETUM/POACEAE 1025 unit as in
Page 719 and 720:
Paspalum repens [USB] ILLUSTRATED F
Page 721 and 722:
PHALARIS/POACEAE 1029 landscapes (B
Page 723 and 724:
Paspalum pubiflorum (both vars.) IL
Page 725 and 726:
Pennisetum purpureum [HUT] Penniset
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POA/POACEAE 1035 around awn base; l
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POA/POACEAE 1037 long. Forests, flo
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Page 733 and 734:
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Page 737 and 738:
SACCHARUM/POACEAE 1045 1. Awn of le
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SCHEDONNARDUS/POACEAE 1047 lower gl
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Page 743 and 744:
Page 745 and 746:
SETARIA/POACEAE 1053 Paspalidium (W
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SETARIA/POACEAE 1055 14. Leaf blade
Page 749 and 750:
Schizachyrium tenerum [HI1, USB] Sc
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Page 753 and 754:
Page 755 and 756:
SORGHUM/POACEAE 1063 2000) indicate
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SPARTINA/POACEAE 1065 Americas it [
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Sorghastrum elliottii [HI1] Sorghas
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SPOROBOLUS/POACEAE 1071 7. Lemma ap
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Page 767 and 768:
STEINCHISMA/POACEAE 1075 Sporobolus
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Sphenopholis obtusata (both vars.)
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Sporobolus neglectus [HI1] Sporobol
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TRICHONEURA/POACEAE 1081 guish it f
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Stenotaphrum secundatum [USB] Trich
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TRISETUM/POACEAE 1089 low areas; ne
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UROCHLOA/POACEAE 1091 AA C4 genus o
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Page 787 and 788:
Tridens eragrostoides Tridens flavu
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VULPIA/POACEAE 1097 2. Lemmas (exce
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Page 793 and 794:
Page 795 and 796:
ZIZANIOPSIS/POACEAE 1103 (1999) (po
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Page 799 and 800:
EICHHORNIA/PONTEDERIACEAE 1107 REFE
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Zoysia japonica [HOL] Zoysia pacifi
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POTAMOGETON/POTAMOGETONACEAE 1111 1
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POTAMOGETON/POTAMOGETONACEAE 1113 P
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Page 809 and 810:
Page 811 and 812:
SMILAX/SMILACACEAE 1119 times woody
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SMILAX/SMILACACEAE 1121 30(-60) mm
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Stuckenia pectinata [MAS] ILLUSTRAT
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Page 819 and 820:
THEMIDACEAE 1127 cover for various
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Smilax rotundifolia [JEM] ILLUSTRAT
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TRILLIUM/TRILLIACEAE 1131 Schilling
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TRILLIUM/TRILLIACEAE 1133 taxonomic
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Triantha racemosa [GLE] Trillium lu
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TYPHA/TYPHACEAE 1137 REFERENCES: Wi
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XYRIS/XYRIDACEAE 1139 cone-like spi
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XYRIS/XYRIDACEAE 1141 11. Plant bas
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Sparganium americanum Typha latifol
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Typha domingensis[ BT3] Typha latif
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Xyris drummondii [SID] Xyris fimbri
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Xyris smalliana [SID] ILLUSTRATED F
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Xyris caroliniana Xyris difformis (
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