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900 POACEAE/DICHANTHELIUM separation and the fact that they intergrade in areas of overlapping range (Freckmann & Lelong 2003a), we are following Hatch (2002) in treating the two entities as varieties. Apparent hybrids are known between D. oligosanthes and D. acuminatum, D. malacophyllum, and D. ovale (Freckmann & Lelong 2003a). 1. Lower leaf sheaths pilose with appressed or ascending hairs without swollen bases; spikelets usually 3.4–4 mm long, usually 2 mm or less wide, typically sparsely pubescent; ligule usually 1.6–4.2 mm long; leaf blades with lower surfaces tomentose or occasionally puberulent ___ var. oligosanthes 1. Lower leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose with ascending to spreading hairs from swollen bases; spikelets usually 2.7–3.6 mm long, 2–2.4 mm wide, typically glabrous; ligule usually 1–1.6 mm long; leaf blades with lower surfaces glabrous to puberulent, never tomentose __________ var. scribnerianum var. oligosanthes. Leaf blades usually 4–8(–9) mm wide, � 10 times as long as wide, often somewhat involute. Sandy soils, woods or brushy areas; e 1/2 of TX; se Canada (Ont.) and widespread in the e U.S. w to MI and TX, also MT. [D. oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould subsp. oligosanthes, Panicum oligosanthes Schult.] Gould (1975b) noted that this taxon is similar to D. ravenelii but has smaller leaves and spikelets. var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould, (for Frank Lamson Scribner, 1851–1938, agrostologist, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture), SCRIBNER’S ROSETTE GRASS, SCRIBNER’S PANIC GRASS. Leaf blades usually 5– 12(–15) mm wide, � 10 times as long as wide, not involute. Sandy to loamy or clayey soils, occasionally in limestone gravel, open or often brushy areas; nearly throughout TX; s Canada and nearly throughout the U.S. [D. oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong, Panicum helleri Nash, Panicum oligosanthes Schult. var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould, Panicum scribnerianum Nash] Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A. Clark, (oval or broadly elliptic in outline), EGG-LEAF ROSETTE GRASS, STIFF-LEAF PANIC GRASS. Culms 60 cm or less tall; nodes densely to sparsely bearded; internodes with appressed to ascending hairs; leaf sheaths pilose; ligule (1–)1.5–6 mm long; leaf blades 10 mm or less wide; spikelets 1.8–3 mm long. Dry, open, sandy or rocky areas; scattered in n part of East TX s to Austin Co.; also Cross Timbers and Prairies; se Canada (Ont.) and widespread in e 1/2 of the U.S. Spring, also late summer–fall. Dichanthelium ovale (excluding subsp. villosissimum) was not considered to occur in TX by Gould (1975b) or Hatch et al. (1990) or in LA by Allen (1992); however, Gould and Clark (1978) indicated that it did occur in TX. Hansen and Wunderlin (1988) submerged D. consanguineum into D. ovale since the two were based on only slight differences in pubescence—such a treatment may well be warranted. Individuals of D. ovale can sometimes resemble a number of other species including D. acuminatum, D. commutatum, D. laxiflorum, and D. oligosanthes. Freckmann and Lelong (2003a) recognized four subspecies of D. ovale (also recognized here), including subsp. villosissimum, which has often been considered part of D. acuminatum. They noted that these subspecies often intergrade. The following key is slightly modified from Freckmann and Lelong (2003a): 1. Lower leaf sheaths and lower culm internodes with soft, spreading or retrorse, papillose-based hairs, the longer hairs often longer than 4 mm long; spikelets 1.8–2.5 mm long. 2. Spikelets 2.1–2.5 mm long; culms usually more than 1 mm thick, stiff; largest leaf blades usually 6–10 mm wide _____________________________________________________ subsp. villosissimum 2. Spikelets 1.8–2.1 mm long; culms usually less than 1 mm thick, wiry; largest leaf blades usually 2–6 mm wide _____________________________________________________________ subsp. praecocius 1. Lower leaf sheaths and lower culm internodes with ascending or appressed, non-papillose-based hairs shorter than 4 mm or else nearly glabrous; spikelets 2.1–3 mm long. 3. Spikelets 2.5–3 mm long; basal leaf blades with long hairs on or near the margins and bases ____________________________________________________________________________ subsp. ovale
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 901 Dichanthelium dichotomum [USB] Dichanthelium ensifolium [BB2] Dichanthelium latifolium [USB] Dichanthelium laxiflorum [USB] Dichanthelium malacophyllum [USB] Dichanthelium nodatum [HI1] Dichanthelium linearifolium [USB] Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. scribnerianum [USB]
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KEYS TO THE VASCULAR PLANTS 309 KEY
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KEY TO FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS 311
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Key to Families of Gymnosperms KEY
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20. Flowers in a single, small (4-4
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38. Stamens 6 per flower. 39. Peria
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57. Leaves reduced to scales only;
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FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS (PTERIDOPH
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ISOETES/ISOETACEAE 323 DIVISION LYC
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Psilotum nudum [KNO] Isoetes butler
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LYCOPODIELLA/LYCOPODIACEAE 327 Beit
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SELAGINELLA/SELAGINELLACEAE 329 Pse
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 331
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Palhinhaea cernua [CLU] Selaginella
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leaf blade petiole rhizome root sca
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ASPLENIUM L. SPLEENWORT ASPLENIUM/A
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WOODWARDIA/BLECHNACEAE 339 1. Plant
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MEGASPORE Woodwardia areolata [LUN]
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DRYOPTERIDACEAE 343 AThe family as
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Anemia mexicana Azolla caroliniana
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DRYOPTERIS/DRYOPTERIDACEAE 347 Carr
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WOODSIA/DRYOPTERIDACEAE 351 Tectari
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MARSILEA/MARSILEACEAE 353 etation (
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BOTRYCHIUM/OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 357 REFE
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Nephrolepis exaltata Onoclea sensib
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OPHIOGLOSSUM/OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 361 Op
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PTERIDACEAE 365 and pous or podium,
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Botrychium virginianum Ophioglossum
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CERATOPTERIS/PTERIDACEAE 371 Astrol
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Argyrochosma dealbata [LUN] Astrole
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Cheilanthes feei [LUN] Cheilanthes
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Astrolepis integerrima Astrolepis s
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SALVINIACEAE 379 fern, derived from
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SALVINIA/SALVINIACEAE 381 NM, and N
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Pellaea ovata Pellaea wrightiana IL
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Thelypteris dentata [SM3] STERILE F
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GYMNOSPERMS EPHEDRACEAE 389 AThe te
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DIVISION PINOPHYTA CONIFERS CUPRESS
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JUNIPERUS/CUPRESSACEAE 393 allergen
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Ephedra antisyphilitica [LUN] Junip
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PINUS/PINACEAE 397 clusters at the
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� � � � � � Pinus echin
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Ephedra antisyphilitica Juniperus a
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MAGNOLIOPHYTA 403 consumed in large
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CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE MONOCOTYLEDON
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AGAVACEAE 407 produced in North Ame
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HESPERALOE/AGAVACEAE 409 for their
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Acorus calamus [GLE] Hesperaloe eng
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YUCCA/AGAVACEAE 413 snakebite (Verh
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7. Leaves straight or nearly so, la
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Manfreda virginica subsp. lata [HEA
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Manfreda maculosa Manfreda sileri I
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ALISMA/ALISMATACEAE 423 1. Pistils
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Yucca rupicola [LYN] Yucca treculea
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SAGITTARIA/ALISMATACEAE 427 long te
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Echinodorus tenellus [FLN, RHO] Sag
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Yucca treculeana ILLUSTRATED FLORA
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ALLIUM/ALLIACEAE 433 pounds are ant
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ALLIUM/ALLIACEAE 435 Allium ampelop
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STAMENS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST T
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CAPSULE Allium canadense var. mobil
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var. fraseri-▲ var. hyacinthoides
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AMARYLLIDACEAE 443 and edible (Baye
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COOPERIA/AMARYLLIDACEAE 445 REFEREN
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BULBILS CAPSULE Allium sativum [ANO
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HABRANTHUS/AMARYLLIDACEAE 449 obser
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CAPSULES SEED Habranthus tubispathu
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LYCORIS/AMARYLLIDACEAE 455 usually
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Hymenocallis liriosme [HEA] Leucoju
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Narcissus jonquilla [NIC] Narcissus
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ANTHERICACEAE 461 2000), Anderson,
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ARACEAE 463 hemiepiphytes, and aqua
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ARISAEMA/ARACEAE 465 has been disag
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ORONTIUM/ARACEAE 469 down the insid
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Echeandia flavescens [MCV] Colocasi
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ARECACEAE 473 oped rhizomes present
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ASPARAGACEAE 475 spreading from cul
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BROMELIACEAE 477 jointed pedicels;
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Xanthosoma sagittifolium [BA1] Saba
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APTERIA/BURMANNIACEAE 481 FAMILY RE
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S. minor � S. mexicana-� ILLUST
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UVULARIA/COLCHICACEAE 485 blurred,
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ANTHER CAPSULE PISTIL Apteria aphyl
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CALLISIA/COMMELINACEAE 489 the Haem
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COMMELINA/COMMELINACEAE 491 4. Spat
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SINGLE FLOWER INFLORESCENCE Callisi
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TRADESCANTIA/COMMELINACEAE 495 & Tv
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FRUITING INFLORESCENCE Murdannia nu
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Tradescantia paludosa [AND] Tradesc
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CYPERACEAE 507 become split by grow
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CYPERACEAE 509 10. Scales of spikel
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BULBOSTYLIS/CYPERACEAE 511 1. Spike
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 517 The following
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 519 of leaf sheath
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 521 37. Perigynia
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 523 58. Achene sho
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 525 85. Larger per
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Carex abscondita [MAC] Carex albica
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CAREX/CYPERACEAE 531 persists in li
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Carex decomposita [MAC] Carex digit
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Carex triangularis [MAC] Carex tetr
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 559 1974; Baijan
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 561 21. Leaf bla
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 563 fresh; achen
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 565 tively more
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 573 Cyperus invo
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Cyperus esculentus [REE] Cyperus fi
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CYPERUS/CYPERACEAE 577 around the s
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Cyperus iria [GWO] Cyperus lanceola
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Cyperus surinamensis [BT2] Cyperus
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 587 5. Culms
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 589 27. Spike
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 591 43. Scale
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 593 compressa
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ELEOCHARIS/CYPERACEAE 601 ing mats;
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FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl FIMBRY FIMBRISTYL
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Fimbristylis annua [SID] Fimbristyl
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REFERENCES: Coville 1890; Bush 1905
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 621 Lipocar
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 623 10. Per
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RHYNCHOSPORA/CYPERACEAE 625 34. Cul
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Lipocarpha aristulata [GWO] Lipocar
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SCHOENOPLECTUS/CYPERACEAE 641 exten
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Schoenoplectus pungens [MAS] Schoen
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SCLERIA/CYPERACEAE 649 5. Lowest la
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SCLERIA/CYPERACEAE 651 with a pair
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ERIOCAULON/ERIOCAULACEAE 657 1. Pet
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ERIOCAULON/ERIOCAULACEAE 659 bracts
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� Dioscorea bulbifera [HEB] ILLUS
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HYACINTHACEAE 663 orange zone towar
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Scleria pauciflora ILLUSTRATED FLOR
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� � ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST T
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SCHOENOLIRION/HYACINTHACEAE 669 som
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HYDROCHARITACEAE 671 AA small (116
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HYDRILLIA/HYDROCHARITACEAE 673 marg
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OTTELIA Pers. DUCK-LETTUCE OTTELIA/
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� Vallisneria americana [LAM] Ott
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IRIDACEAE 683 inflorescences with 1
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BELAMCANDA Adans. LEOPARD-LILY, BLA
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IRIS/IRIDACEAE 691 6. Cauline leaf
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Iris brevicaulis [YAT] ILLUSTRATED
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SISYRINCHIUM/IRIDACEAE 697 3. Inflo
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Sisyrinchium ensigerum [CUR] Sisyri
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JUNCUS/JUNCACEAE 703 mainly in wet
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JUNCUS/JUNCACEAE 705 yellowish, lea
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Juncus acuminatus [MAS] Juncus anth
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Juncus dichotomus [GWO] Juncus effu
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Juncus polycephalus [GWO] Juncus re
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var. validus-● var. facinatus-�
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LEMNA/LEMNACEAE 721 Pineywoods and
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SPIRODELA/LEMNACEAE 723 Lemna turio
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NOTE 3 VEINS � TOP VIEW Lemna min
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LILIACEAE 729 The lily family (even
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ERYTHRONIUM/LILIACEAE 731 17. Tepal
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Wolffia columbiana [GWO, MIB] Wolff
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LIMNOCHARITACEAE 735 1. Perianth wh
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THALIA/MARANTACEAE 737 pollen prese
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MELANTHIACEAE 739 AA small family (
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Lilium philippinense [GCH] SEED FOL
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VERATRUM/MELANTHIACEAE 745 circumsc
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Zigadenus glaberrimus [GLE] Schoeno
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ALETRIS/NARTHECIACEAE 749 Tofieldia
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DASYLIRION Zucc. SOTOL, SHAGGY-LILY
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FLOWER Aletris aurea [CO1] Aletris
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ORCHIDACEAE 755 45 occur in East TX
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CALOPOGON/ORCHIDACEAE 757 5-25 flow
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CLEISTES/ORCHIDACEAE 759 long; lip
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CYPRIPEDIUM/ORCHIDACEAE 761 while t
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Stenanthium gramineum Toxicoscordio
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Calopogon tuberosus [FNA] Corallorh
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HEXALECTRIS/ORCHIDACEAE 767 rain. A
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Habenaria quinqueseta [LUN] Habenar
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PLATANTHERA/ORCHIDACEAE 771 PLATANT
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PLATANTHERA/ORCHIDACEAE 773 Platant
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SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 779 mm wide,
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SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 781 12. Lip
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Platanthera lacera [YAT] Pogonia op
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SPIRANTHES/ORCHIDACEAE 789 narrowes
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TRIPHORA/ORCHIDACEAE 791 an example
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LEAF collar rhizome blade ligule sh
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POACEAE 797 Dissection is usually n
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POACEAE 799 rower and often differe
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POACEAE 801 6. Lemmas awned, the tw
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POACEAE 803 30. Lemma veins none to
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POACEAE 805 13. Inflorescences narr
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POACEAE 807 12. Lemma awnless; infl
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POACEAE 809 inflorescence solitary,
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POACEAE 811 29. Spikelets loosely a
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POACEAE 813 20. Basal leaves usuall
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AEGILOPS/POACEAE 815 23. Spikelets
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AGROSTIS/POACEAE 817 Agrostis hyema
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ANDROPOGON/POACEAE 821 colonizing e
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ANTHENANTIA/POACEAE 825 to be the e
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ARISTIDA/POACEAE 829 9. Lemma thick
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ARISTIDA/POACEAE 831 BRIT), Newton
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Anthoxanthum aristatum [BB2] Anthox
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AXONOPUS/POACEAE 839 duced to the U
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Avena fatua [HI1] Arundo donax [LYN
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BOTHRIOCHLOA/POACEAE 843 var. barbi
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Aristida purpurea (all vars.) ILLUS
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Axonopus compressus [HI1] Axonopus
Page 541 and 542: BOUTELOUA/POACEAE 849 state grass b
Page 543 and 544: Bothriochloa ischaemum var. songari
Page 545 and 546: ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS 853
Page 547 and 548: Bouteloua pectinata [BOT, HEA] Bout
Page 549 and 550: BROMUS/POACEAE 857 8. Lemmas and gl
Page 553 and 554: BUCHLOE/POACEAE 861 ticularly in th
Page 557 and 558: CHASMANTHIUM/POACEAE 865 [C. caroli
Page 563 and 564: CHLORIS/POACEAE 871 East TX; mainly
Page 565 and 566: Chasmanthium sessiliflorum [USB] Ch
Page 567 and 568: CORTADERIA/POACEAE 875 of the inflo
Page 573 and 574: DANTHONIA/POACEAE 881 Dactylocteniu
Page 575 and 576: Cynodon dactylon [REE] Cynosurus ec
Page 577 and 578: DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 885 AA genus
Page 579 and 580: DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 887 20. Inter
Page 581 and 582: DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 889 26. Leaf
Page 583 and 584: Danthonia spicata [USB] Desmazeria
Page 589 and 590: DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 897 and Harri
Page 591: Dichanthelium acuminatum (all vars.
Page 597 and 598: DICHANTHELIUM/POACEAE 905 that this
Page 601 and 602: DIGITARIA/POACEAE 909 2. Main axis
Page 603 and 604: Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon [HI] IL
Page 605 and 606: DIGITARIA/POACEAE 913 with papilla-
Page 607 and 608: Digitaria bicornis [HEB] ILLUSTRATE
Page 611 and 612: Digitaria insularis [HI1] Digitaria
Page 613 and 614: EHRHARTA/POACEAE 921 spikelets (2.5
Page 615 and 616: ELIONURUS/POACEAE 923 Since this co
Page 619 and 620: Echinochloa crus-gali [REE] Echinoc
Page 621 and 622: ENTEROPOGON Nees UMBRELLA GRASS ENT
Page 623 and 624: ERAGROSTIS/POACEAE 931 8. Infloresc
Page 625 and 626: ERAGROSTIS/POACEAE 933 12. Pedicels
Page 627 and 628: Elymus repens [HI1] Elymus smithii
Page 633 and 634: Eragrostis japonica [USB] ILLUSTRAT
Page 637 and 638: ERIONEURON/POACEAE 945 Shaw and Sme
Page 639 and 640: � � � ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EA
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FESTUCA/POACEAE 951 rachilla glabro
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GYMNOPOGON/POACEAE 955 Glyceria sep
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HILARIA/POACEAE 957 REFERENCES: Eme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Fes
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KOELERIA/POACEAE 963 Andropogoneae,
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Heteropogon melanocarpus [HI1] Hord
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LEPTOCHLOA/POACEAE 967 Leersia oryz
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Koe
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Hor
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LOLIUM/POACEAE 973 Charmet et al. 1
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Leptochloa nealleyi [USB] Lolium ri
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MICROSTEGIUM/POACEAE 977 AA variabl
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Lep
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Lolium temulentum [USB] Melica muti
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MUHLENBERGIA/POACEAE 983 10. Lemma
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MUHLENBERGIA/POACEAE 985 and Prairi
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Mon
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Mic
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Muh
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PANICUM/POACEAE 993 fact that gener
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PANICUM/POACEAE 995 17. Spikelets 2
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Oryza sativa [HI1] Panicum anceps [
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS Muh
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PANICUM/POACEAE 1001 Panicum hallii
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Panicum trichoides [HI2] ILLUSTRATE
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1009 5. Spikelets
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1011 27. Axils of
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Panicum virgatum [RCA] Paspalum acu
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PASPALUM/POACEAE 1019 loam soils; w
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PENNISETUM/POACEAE 1025 unit as in
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Paspalum repens [USB] ILLUSTRATED F
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PHALARIS/POACEAE 1029 landscapes (B
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Paspalum pubiflorum (both vars.) IL
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Pennisetum purpureum [HUT] Penniset
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POA/POACEAE 1035 around awn base; l
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POA/POACEAE 1037 long. Forests, flo
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SACCHARUM/POACEAE 1045 1. Awn of le
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SCHEDONNARDUS/POACEAE 1047 lower gl
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Page 745 and 746:
SETARIA/POACEAE 1053 Paspalidium (W
Page 747 and 748:
SETARIA/POACEAE 1055 14. Leaf blade
Page 749 and 750:
Schizachyrium tenerum [HI1, USB] Sc
Page 751 and 752:
Page 753 and 754:
Page 755 and 756:
SORGHUM/POACEAE 1063 2000) indicate
Page 757 and 758:
SPARTINA/POACEAE 1065 Americas it [
Page 759 and 760:
Sorghastrum elliottii [HI1] Sorghas
Page 761 and 762:
Page 763 and 764:
SPOROBOLUS/POACEAE 1071 7. Lemma ap
Page 765 and 766:
Page 767 and 768:
STEINCHISMA/POACEAE 1075 Sporobolus
Page 769 and 770:
Sphenopholis obtusata (both vars.)
Page 771 and 772:
Sporobolus neglectus [HI1] Sporobol
Page 773 and 774:
TRICHONEURA/POACEAE 1081 guish it f
Page 775 and 776:
Stenotaphrum secundatum [USB] Trich
Page 777 and 778:
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781 and 782:
TRISETUM/POACEAE 1089 low areas; ne
Page 783 and 784:
UROCHLOA/POACEAE 1091 AA C4 genus o
Page 785 and 786:
Page 787 and 788:
Tridens eragrostoides Tridens flavu
Page 789 and 790:
VULPIA/POACEAE 1097 2. Lemmas (exce
Page 791 and 792:
Page 793 and 794:
Page 795 and 796:
ZIZANIOPSIS/POACEAE 1103 (1999) (po
Page 797 and 798:
Page 799 and 800:
EICHHORNIA/PONTEDERIACEAE 1107 REFE
Page 801 and 802:
Zoysia japonica [HOL] Zoysia pacifi
Page 803 and 804:
POTAMOGETON/POTAMOGETONACEAE 1111 1
Page 805 and 806:
POTAMOGETON/POTAMOGETONACEAE 1113 P
Page 807 and 808:
Page 809 and 810:
Page 811 and 812:
SMILAX/SMILACACEAE 1119 times woody
Page 813 and 814:
SMILAX/SMILACACEAE 1121 30(-60) mm
Page 815 and 816:
Stuckenia pectinata [MAS] ILLUSTRAT
Page 817 and 818:
Page 819 and 820:
THEMIDACEAE 1127 cover for various
Page 821 and 822:
Smilax rotundifolia [JEM] ILLUSTRAT
Page 823 and 824:
TRILLIUM/TRILLIACEAE 1131 Schilling
Page 825 and 826:
TRILLIUM/TRILLIACEAE 1133 taxonomic
Page 827 and 828:
Triantha racemosa [GLE] Trillium lu
Page 829 and 830:
TYPHA/TYPHACEAE 1137 REFERENCES: Wi
Page 831 and 832:
XYRIS/XYRIDACEAE 1139 cone-like spi
Page 833 and 834:
XYRIS/XYRIDACEAE 1141 11. Plant bas
Page 835 and 836:
Sparganium americanum Typha latifol
Page 837 and 838:
Typha domingensis[ BT3] Typha latif
Page 839 and 840:
Xyris drummondii [SID] Xyris fimbri
Page 841 and 842:
Xyris smalliana [SID] ILLUSTRATED F
Page 843:
Xyris caroliniana Xyris difformis (
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keys to the vascular plants of east texas - Botanical Research ...

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