Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Comprehensive Conservation Plan
Figure 4-1. Native forest bird trends on Hawai‘i Island.
S=Stable; triangles indicate upward or downward trends. Source: Camp et al. 2010.
The biological integrity of the area is high relative to much of the Island of Hawai„i. The
conservation targets and focal habitats were chosen specifically as an attempt to return this portion of
the landscape to its natural state. The greatest challenges are threats from nonnative species: plants,
ungulates, and mammalian predators as well as diseases such as avian malaria.
4.2 Conservation Target Selection and Analysis
Early in the planning process, the CCP team cooperatively identified priority species, groups, and
communities for this Refuge, as recommended under the Refuge System‟s Habitat Management
Planning policy (620 FW1). These priorities, called conservation targets, frame the CCP actions for
4-2 Chapter 4. Refuge Biology and Habitats