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Hakalau Forest National <strong>Wildlife</strong> Refuge<br />

<strong>Comprehensive</strong> <strong>Conservation</strong> <strong>Plan</strong><br />

Scowcroft, P.G. <strong>and</strong> J. Jeffrey. 1999. Potential significance of frost, topographic relief, <strong>and</strong> Acacia<br />

koa st<strong>and</strong>s to restoration of mesic Hawaiian forests on ab<strong>and</strong>oned rangel<strong>and</strong>. Forest Ecology &<br />

Management 114:447-458.<br />

Scowcroft, P.G., F.C. Meinzer, G. Goldstein, P.J. Melcher, <strong>and</strong> J. Jeffrey. 2000. Moderating Night<br />

Radiative Cooling Reduces Frost Damage to Metrosideros polymorpha Seedlings Used for Forest<br />

Restoration in Hawaii. Restoration Ecology 8(2):161-169.<br />

Sin, H., K.H. Beard, W.C. Pitt. 2008. An invasive frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, increases new leaf<br />

production <strong>and</strong> leaf litter decomposition rates through nutrient cycling in Hawaii. Biological<br />

Invasions 10(3):335-345.<br />

Smith, C.W. 1985. Impact of alien plants on Hawaii‟s native biota. Pages 180-250 In: C.P. Stone <strong>and</strong><br />

J.M. Scott (eds.), Hawaii‟s Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation <strong>and</strong> Management. University of<br />

Hawaii Cooperative Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.<br />

Smith, C.W. 1992. Distribution, status, phenology, rate of spread, <strong>and</strong> management of Clidemia in<br />

Hawaii. Pp 241-253. In: C.P. Stone, C.W. Smith, <strong>and</strong> J.T. Tunison (eds.), Alien <strong>Plan</strong>t Invasions in<br />

Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management <strong>and</strong> Research. Cooperative National Park Resources<br />

Studies Unit, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 887 pages.<br />

Smith, C.W., <strong>and</strong> J.T. Tunison. 1992. Fire <strong>and</strong> Alien <strong>Plan</strong>ts in Hawaii: Research <strong>and</strong> Management<br />

Implications. Pp 394-408. In: C.P. Stone, C.W. Smith, <strong>and</strong> J.T. Tunison (eds.), Alien <strong>Plan</strong>t Invasions<br />

in Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management <strong>and</strong> Research. Cooperative National Park Resources<br />

Studies Unit, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 887 pages.<br />

Smolders, A.J.P., E.C.H.E.T. Lucassen, M. van der Aalst, L.P.M. Lamers, J.G.M. Roelofs. 2008.<br />

Decreasing the Abundance of Juncus effusus on Former Agricultural L<strong>and</strong>s with Noncalcareous<br />

S<strong>and</strong>y Soils: Possible Effects of Liming <strong>and</strong> Soil Removal. Restoration Ecology 16(2):240-248.<br />

Smucker, T.D., G.D. Lindsey, S.M. Mosher. 2000. Home range <strong>and</strong> diet of feral cats in Hawaii<br />

forests. Pacific <strong>Conservation</strong> Biology 6: 229-237.<br />

Snetsinger, T.J., S.G. Fancy, J.C. Simon, <strong>and</strong> J.D. Jacobi. 1994. Diets of owls <strong>and</strong> feral cats in<br />

Hawai„i. „Elepaio 54:47-50.<br />

Snetsinger, T.J., Reynolds M.H., <strong>and</strong> C.M. Herrmann. 1998. Ou (Psittirostra psittacea), The Birds of<br />

North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds<br />

of North America.<br />

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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Ecology 54(4):870-876.<br />

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4-124 Chapter 4. Refuge Biology <strong>and</strong> Habitats

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