Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Comprehensive Conservation Plan
would be recorded by Service personnel in exponential form (I x 10 -7 ), where I represents a vapor
pressure index. In general, pesticides with I1,000 would have a high potential to volatilize (Oregon State University 1996).
Vapor pressure values for pesticides are usually available in the pesticide product MSDS or the
USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) pesticide database (see References).
Threshold for Approving PUPs:
If I ≤1000, then a PUP would be approved without additional BMPs to minimize drift and protect air
quality.
If I >1000, then a PUP would only be approved with additional BMPs specifically to minimize drift
and protect air quality. One or more BMPs such as the following would be included in the Specific
Best Management Practices (BMPs) section to reduce volatilization and potential to drift and
degrade air quality:
• Do not treat when wind velocities are 10 mph with existing or potential inversion
conditions.
• Apply the large-diameter droplets possible for spray treatments.
• Avoid spraying when air temperatures >85 o F.
• Use the lowest spray height possible above target canopy.
• Where identified on the pesticide label, soil incorporate pesticide as soon as possible during or
after application.
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient (Kow): The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) is the
concentration of a pesticide in octanol and water at equilibrium at a specific temperature. Because
octanol is an organic solvent, it is considered a surrogate for natural organic matter. Therefore, Kow
would be used to assess potential for a pesticide to bioaccumulate in tissues of aquatic species (e.g.,
fish). If Kow >1000 or Sw30 days, then there would be high potential for a
pesticide to bioaccumulate in aquatic species such as fish (US Geological Survey 2000).
Threshold for Approving PUPs:
If there is not a high potential for a pesticide to bioaccumulate in aquatic species, then the PUP
would be approved.
If there is a high potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic species (Kow>1000 or Sw30 days), then the PUP would not approved, except under unusual circumstances where approval
would only be granted by the Washington Office.
Bioaccumulation/Bioconcentration: The physiological process where pesticide concentrations in
tissue would increase in biota because they are taken and stored at a faster rate than they are
metabolized or excreted. The potential for bioaccumulation would be evaluated through
bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) or bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Based upon BAF or BCF
values, the potential to bioaccumulate would be recorded as one of the following: low – 0 to 300,
moderate – 300 to 1000, or high >1000 (Calabrese and Baldwin 1993).
Threshold for Approving PUPs:
If BAF or BCF≤1000, then a PUP would be approved without additional BMPs.
Appendix G. Integrated Pest Management G-41