Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Comprehensive Conservation Plan
scientific literature are the bobwhite quail and mallard. The lowest LD50 value found for an avian
species would be used as a toxicological endpoint for dose-based RQ calculations to assess acute risk
(see Table 1 in Section 7.1).
Avian LC50: For test species available in the scientific literature, Service personnel would record
values for dietary lethal concentration (LC50) as reported (e.g., mg/kg-diet or ppm-diet). Most
common test species available in scientific literature are the bobwhite quail and mallard. The lowest
LC50 value found for an avian species would be used as a toxicological endpoint for dietary-based
RQ calculations to assess acute risk (see Table 1 in Section 7.1).
Avian Reproduction: For test species available in the scientific literature, Service personnel would
record test results (e.g., LOEC, LOEL, NOAEC, NOAEL) in mg/kg-bw or mg/kg-diet consumed for
reproductive test procedure(s) (e.g., early life cycle, reproductive). Most common test species
available in scientific literature are the bobwhite quail and mallard. The lowest NOEC, NOAEC,
NOEL, or NOAEL test results found for an avian species would be used as a toxicological endpoint
for RQ calculations to assess chronic risk (see Table 1 in Section 7.1).
Fish LC50: For test freshwater or marine species listed in the scientific literature, Service personnel
would record a LC50 in ppm or mg/L. Most common test species available in the scientific literature
are the bluegill, rainbow trout, and fathead minnow (marine). Test results for many game species
may also be available. The lowest LC50 value found for a freshwater fish species would be used as a
toxicological endpoint for RQ calculations to assess acute risk (see Table 1 in Section 7.1).
Fish Early Life Stage (ELS)/Life Cycle: For test freshwater or marine species available in the
scientific literature, Service personnel would record test results (e.g., LOEC, NOAEL, NOAEC,
LOAEC) in ppm for test procedure(s) (e.g., early life cycle, life cycle). Most common test species
available in the scientific literature are bluegill, rainbow trout, and fathead minnow. Test results for
other game species may also be available. The lowest test value found for a fish species (preferably
freshwater) would be used as a toxicological endpoint for RQ calculations to assess chronic risk (see
Table 1 in Section 7.1).
Other: For test invertebrate as well as non-vascular and vascular plant species available in the
scientific literature, Service personnel would record LC50, LD50, LOEC, LOEL, NOAEC, NOAEL, or
EC50 (environmental concentration) values in ppm or mg/L. Most common test invertebrate species
available in scientific literature are the honey bee and the water flea (Daphnia magna). Green algae
(Selenastrum capricornutum) and pondweed (Lemna minor) are frequently available test species for
aquatic non-vascular and vascular plants, respectively.
Ecological Incident Reports: After a site has been treated with pesticide(s), wildlife may be
exposed to these chemical(s). When exposure is high relative to the toxicity of the pesticides,
wildlife may be killed or visibly harmed (incapacitated). Such events are called ecological incidents.
The USEPA maintains a database (Ecological Incident Information System) of ecological incidents.
This database stores information extracted from incident reports submitted by various federal and
state agencies and non-government organizations. Information included in an incident report is date
and location of the incident, type and magnitude of affects observed in various species, use(s) of
pesticides known or suspected of contributing to the incident, and results of any chemical residue and
cholinesterase activity analyses conducted during the investigation.
Appendix G. Integrated Pest Management G-37