Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Comprehensive Conservation Plan
4.12.2 Introduced Game Birds ............................................................................................. 4-85
4.12.3 Introduced Mammals ................................................................................................ 4-85
4.12.4 Introduced Reptiles and Amphibians ....................................................................... 4-93
4.12.5 Introduced Arthropods .............................................................................................. 4-94
4.12.6 Introduced Plants ...................................................................................................... 4-96
4.12.7 Introduced Mollusks ............................................................................................... 4-109
4.13 Special Designation Areas ............................................................................................ 4-109
4.14 References ....................................................................................................................... 4-109
Chapter 5. Social and Economic Environment ............................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Refuge Infrastructure and Administrative Facilities ....................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 Hakalau Forest Unit ...................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 Kona Forest Unit .......................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.3 Hilo Administrative Office ........................................................................................... 5-2
5.2 Public Use Overview ............................................................................................................ 5-2
5.2.1 Federal, State, and County Recreational Parks ............................................................ 5-2
5.2.2 Wildlife Observation and Environmental Education .................................................. 5-11
5.2.3 Camping ..................................................................................................................... 5-13
5.2.4 Hiking ......................................................................................................................... 5-13
5.2.5 Hunting ....................................................................................................................... 5-13
5.2.6 Refuge Public Use Opportunities ............................................................................... 5-14
5.2.7 Recreational Trends and Demands ............................................................................. 5-17
5.2.8 Impact of Illegal Uses ................................................................................................ 5-17
5.2.9 Historic/Cultural Sites ................................................................................................ 5-17
5.2.10 Special Designation Areas ......................................................................................... 5-20
5.3 Social and Economic Conditions ...................................................................................... 5-20
5.3.1 Population ................................................................................................................... 5-20
5.3.2 Housing ...................................................................................................................... 5-21
5.3.3 Education .................................................................................................................... 5-21
5.3.4 Employment and Income ............................................................................................ 5-22
5.3.5 Economy ..................................................................................................................... 5-23
5.3.6 Refuge Contribution ................................................................................................... 5-25
5.4 References ........................................................................................................................... 5-25
Tables
Table 2-1 Summary of CCP Actions. ............................................................................................... 2-9
Table 3-1 Average Monthly Rainfall (inches) at the Kona Forest Unit, April 1995-
November 1998. .............................................................................................................. 3-3
Table 3-2 Soil types Found Within the Hakalau Forest Unit and Key Characteristics. .................... 3-6
Table 3-3 Soil Types Found Within the Kona Forest Unit and Key Characteristics. ....................... 3-8
Table 3-4 Streams and Tributaries on the Hakalau Forest Unit. ..................................................... 3-10
Table 4-1 Refuge Conservation Targets. .......................................................................................... 4-3
Table 4-2 Endangered and Rare Native Invertebrate Species Occurring or Potentially
Occurring on Hakalau Forest NWR. ............................................................................. 4-46
Table 4-3 Endemic Arthropods in Three Cave Systems at the KFU. ............................................. 4-49
Table 4-4 Arthropods Occurring at the HFU and KFU. ................................................................. 4-53
Table 4-5 Endangered and Threatened Plant Species that Occur (or Potentially Occur)
at Hakalau Forest NWR. ............................................................................................... 4-58
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