Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan calculating the loading per unit area (LD50/ft 2 ) for comparison to USEPA Level of Concerns (US Environmental Protection Agency 1998). The T-REX version 1.2.3 (US Environmental Protection Agency 2005b) contains a submodel which automates Kanaga exposure calculations for granular pesticides and treated seed. The following formulas will be used to calculate EECs depending upon the type of granular pesticide application: • In-furrow applications assume a typical value of 1% granules, bait, or seed remain unincorporated. mg a.i./ft. 2 = [(lbs. product/acre)(% a.i.)(453,580 mg/lbs)(1% exposed))] / {[(43,560 ft. 2 /acre)/(row spacing (ft.))] / (row spacing (ft.)} or mg a.i./ft 2 = [(lbs product/1000 ft. row)(% a.i.)(1000 ft row)(453,580 mg/lb.)(1% exposed) Where: EEC = [(mg a.i./ft. 2 )(% of pesticide biologically available)] • Incorporated banded treatments assume that 15% of granules, bait, seeds are unincorporated. mg a.i./ft. 2 = [(lbs. product/1000 row ft.)(% a.i.)(453,580 mg/lb.)(1-% incorporated)] / (1,000 ft.)(band width (ft.)) EEC = [(mg a.i./ft. 2 )(% of pesticide biologically available)] • Broadcast treatment without incorporation assumes 100% of granules, bait, seeds are unincorporated. mg a.i./ft. 2 = [(lbs. product/acre)(% a.i.)(453,590 mg/lb.)] / (43,560 ft. 2 /acre) EEC = [(mg a.i./ft. 2 )(% of pesticide biologically available)] • % of pesticide biologically available = 100% without species specific ingestion rates • Conversion for calculating mg a.i./ft. 2 using ounces: 453,580 mg/lb. /16 = 28,349 mg/oz. The following equation would used to calculate a RQ based on the EEC calculated by one of the above equations. The EEC would divided by the surrogate LD50 toxicological endpoint multiplied by the body weight (Table 3) of the surrogate. RQ = EEC / [LD 50 (mg/kg) * body weight (kg)] As with other risk assessments, a RQ>LOC would be a presumption of unacceptable ecological risk. A RQ
7.2.1.2 Aquatic exposure Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Exposures to aquatic habitats (e.g., wetlands, meadows, ephemeral pools, water delivery ditches) would be evaluated separately for ground-based pesticide treatments of habitats managed for fish and wildlife compared with cropland/facilities maintenance (for Hakalau Forest NWR, this would be streams and bogs). The primary exposure pathway for aquatic organisms from any ground-based treatments likely would be particle drift during the pesticide application. However, different exposure scenarios would be necessary as a result of contrasting application equipment and techniques as well as pesticides used to control pests on agricultural lands (especially those cultivated by cooperative farmers for economic return from crop yields) (not applicable to Hakalau Forest NWR) and facilities maintenance (e.g., roadsides, parking lots, trails) compared with other managed habitats on the refuge. In addition, pesticide applications may be done
Page 1 and 2:
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hakala
Page 7 and 8:
Executive Summary Executive Summary
Page 9 and 10:
Executive Summary Hakalau Forest Na
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
Page 17 and 18:
Page 20 and 21:
vi Hakalau Forest National Wildlife
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Figure 1-1. Refuge vicinity. Chapte
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 1-2. HFU location. Chapter 1
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 1-3. KFU location. Chapter 1
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59:
Chapter 2. Refuge Management Direct
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
3.5.2 Kona Forest Unit Contaminants
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133:
Chapter 4. Refuge Biology and Habit
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Species, Species Group, or Habitat
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Grasslands Hakalau Forest National
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 4-6. Central windward study
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
4.5.1 ‘I‘iwi (Vestiaria coccine
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
4.8.5 Mollusks Hakalau Forest Natio
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
4.9.13 Phyllostegia velutina Hakala
Page 204 and 205:
4.9.16 Silene hawaiiensis Hakalau F
Page 206 and 207:
Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
Page 208 and 209:
Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Horses (Equus caballus caballus) Ha
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 267 and 268:
Chapter 5. Social S an nd Economic
Page 269 and 270:
Figure 5-2. 5 HFU ad dministrativ v
Page 271 and 272:
Figure 5-3. 5 KFU ad dministrativ v
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
5.2.3 Camping Hakalau Forest Nation
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Kona Forest Unit Hakalau Forest Nat
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
5.3.6 Refuge Contribution Hakalau F
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295:
Appendices Above: Nēnē/John De Me
Page 298 and 299:
Critical Habitat Hakalau Forest Nat
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Critical Habitat Life Year First Fa
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Genus Species Hawaiian/Common Name
Page 320 and 321:
Genus Species Hawaiian/Common Name
Page 322 and 323:
3x3 Code Genus Species Syn Status I
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 355 and 356:
Use: Wildlife Observation and Photo
Page 357 and 358:
Availability of Resources: Hakalau
Page 359 and 360:
Wildlife Photography: Hakalau Fores
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Public Review and Comment: Hakalau
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Anticipated Impacts of the Use(s):
Page 375 and 376:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
� Surveys: Scientific inventory o
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388:
References Cited: Hakalau Forest Na
Page 391 and 392:
Permits Hakalau Forest National Wil
Page 393 and 394:
Attachment 2 Study title: Fiscal ye
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Use: University of Hawai‘i Field
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409:
References Cited: Hakalau Forest Na
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
Page 456 and 457: Comments or suggestions: Hakalau Fo
Page 460 and 461: Natural Processes (biotic and abiot
Page 468 and 469: Table 4-2. Resources of Concern. Ot
Page 470 and 471: Other Benefiting Species Life Histo
Page 484 and 485: 6.5 Record Keeping 6.5.1 Labels and
Page 488 and 489: 7.2.1 Environmental exposure Hakala
Page 494 and 495: 7.2.3 Assumptions for ecological ri
Page 518 and 519: Table CP.1 Pesticide Name Trade Nam
Page 524: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Date Acquired Hakalau Forest Nation
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559:
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S
show all

Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?