Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

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Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan The Hilo Forest Reserve includes seven sections: Pīhā, Laupāhoehoe, Opea, Humu‘ula, Kamae‘e, Ka‘uku, and Kaiwiki. The Laupāhoehoe Section borders the upper tract of the Hakalau Forest Unit, while the Pīhā Section splits the Honohina and Maulua tracts. The Pīhā Section is primarily used by the public for hunting. The South Kona Forest Reserve is located south of the Kona Forest Unit. This reserve consists of four sections: ‘Ōlelomoana ‘Opihihali, Ka‘ohe, Kukuiopa‘e, and Kapua-Manukā. The DOFAW is also responsible for the Natural Area Reserve System (NARS). Hiking and nature study (in groups of 10 or less) are permitted within these areas. All reserves are open to the public for recreational hunting, based on DLNR rules (HAR § 13-209-3). Environmental education programs occur on several of these reserves (DLNR 2003). The Laupāhoehoe NAR is located above the Maulua tract of the HFU adjacent to the Laupāhoehoe Section of the Hilo Forest Reserve. The Mauna Kea Ice Age NAR is located near the summit, west of the HFU. The Kīpāhoehoe NAR is directly south of the KFU and the Manukā NAR is further south on the southwest slope of Mauna Loa. Several wildlife sanctuaries were established throughout the island to protect indigenous wildlife (HRS, Sections 13-125). These sanctuaries are managed by DOFAW. Within these sanctuaries, it is prohibited to remove, disturb, kill, or possess any form of plant or wildlife and to introduce any form of plant or animal life. Also, human activity is strictly limited. The Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a Forest Bird Sanctuary is found within the Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a Forest Reserve. The Kīpuka ‘Āinahou Nēnē Sanctuary is open to the public, except November-February. Birds and game mammals may be hunted within the Kīpuka ‘Āinahou Nēnē Sanctuary (HAR § 13-125). Three islets off the coast of Hawai‘i Island are designated as State Seabird Sanctuaries. The offshore islands include Mokupuku Island Sea Bird Sanctuary, Paoakalani Island Sea Bird Sanctuary, and Keaoi Island Sea Bird Sanctuary. Pa‘alaea Island Sea Bird Sanctuary, formerly found off the Kohala coast, largely disappeared after an earthquake in 1975. The public can engage in wildlife observation and education at the islets (http://www.hawaiioirc.org/OIRC-ISLETS.htm). Public wildlife observation and environmental interpretation opportunities are limited in the units of the Hakalau Forest NWR. Due to the presence of endangered species and suitable habitat, public access is regulated. In FY 2010, the Refuge had 1,692 visitors, of which most were nonresidents. At HFU, the Upper Maulua Tract was opened to public wildlife observation, birding, and photography in 1992. Use of this area is restricted to weekends and holidays, and reservations are required. Between 450-500 visitors use the Refuge for wildlife observation annually. Wildlife photography participants range between 10-22 each year. No visitor facilities or restrooms are available at these locations. Additional visitor opportunities at the HFU are available during the annual open house. This event receives between 330-490 participants. In addition, volunteers at the HFU participate in natural history hikes. Table 5-2 provides additional information on FY 2010 Refuge wildlife observation and environmental education figures. Currently the entire KFU, which remains unfenced and unmanaged in terms of ungulate control, remains closed to the public due to difficult access and the presence of highly sensitive species. The Three Mountain Alliance hopes to provide opportunities for the public to enjoy nature observation and education at the Unit after management efforts have begun (TMA 2007). 5-12 Chapter 5. Social and Economic Environment
5.2.3 Camping Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Camping is permitted within three State parks: Hāpuna State Recreation Area, Kalōpā State Recreation Area, and Manukā State Wayside. Permits may be obtained from the State Parks office and the maximum length of stay is limited to 5 consecutive nights. Hāpuna State Recreation Area has four-person A-frame shelters available for $20 per night. At the Kalōpā State Recreation Area, the State rents eight-person cabins for $55 per night. Facilities include beds, bedding, linen, restrooms, hot showers, and a fully equipped recreational dining hall. The Manukā State Wayside offers six-person cabins for $5 per night (Division of State Parks 2008). Ten County of Hawai‘i facilities permit overnight camping. County of Hawai‘i camping permits are required in order to camp at all County parks. These permits can be obtained from the Department of Parks and Recreation main office or online. The maximum camping period is 1 week during the summer (June-August) and 2 weeks during the remainder of the year (County of Hawai‘i 2008). County camping sites in the vicinity of HFU are the Laupāhoehoe Beach Park in North Hilo and Kolekole Beach Park in South Hilo. Amenities at these sites include pavilions, electrical outlets, restrooms, outdoor showers, and picnic areas. Fishing is also permitted at both of the campsites (County of Hawai‘i 2008). Ho‘okena Beach Park, near the KFU, offers pavilions, restrooms, outdoor showers, picnic areas, and drinking water. Swimming and snorkeling, as well as fishing, are allowed under favorable conditions. Miloli‘i County Beach Park is located in South Kona at an ancient Hawaiian fishing village. This park allows fishing and has restrooms and picnic areas for visitors (County of Hawai‘i 2008). 5.2.4 Hiking DOFAW’s Na Ala Hele Program maintains and provides access to hiking trails. Established in 1988, Na Ala Hele offers approximately 97 trails throughout the State (DLNR 2003). The purpose of the program is to “preserve and perpetuate the integrity, condition, naturalness and beauty of State trails and surrounding areas and to protect … environmental resources” (HRS Chapter 198D; HAR, Title 13, Chapter 130). On the island, the system maintains 16 trails. Trails in the immediate vicinity of the HFU include Kaluakauka Trail (0.4 mi); Humu‘ula Trail (10.5 mi); Mauna Kea Access Road/Hunters Road (32 mi); Kaūmana Trail (3 mi); and Onomea Trail (0.5 mi). The only Na Ala Hele trail in South Kona, Keauhou Napo‘opo‘o Trail, is currently closed (http://www.hawaiitrails.org/island.php?island=Hawaii). 5.2.5 Hunting Hunting is regulated by Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 13, Chapter 122 and 123. Individuals engaging in hunting must possess a valid State of Hawai‘i hunting license. This license allows individuals to legally hunt only in designated public hunting areas. Private landowners also have their own hunting programs directed at the tourism market or at local hunters. Approximately 18,000 individuals hunted in the State of Hawai‘i in 2006, for a total of 420,000 days. Roughly 98 percent of the individuals were residents of the State. A total of 8,345 hunting licenses were Chapter 5. Social and Economic Environment 5-13
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hakala
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Executive Summary Executive Summary
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Executive Summary Hakalau Forest Na
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Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
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vi Hakalau Forest National Wildlife
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Figure 1-1. Refuge vicinity. Chapte
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Figure 1-2. HFU location. Chapter 1
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Figure 1-3. KFU location. Chapter 1
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Chapter 2. Refuge Management Direct
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3.5.2 Kona Forest Unit Contaminants
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Chapter 4. Refuge Biology and Habit
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Species, Species Group, or Habitat
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Grasslands Hakalau Forest National
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Figure 4-6. Central windward study
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4.5.1 ‘I‘iwi (Vestiaria coccine
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4.8.5 Mollusks Hakalau Forest Natio
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4.9.13 Phyllostegia velutina Hakala
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4.9.16 Silene hawaiiensis Hakalau F
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Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
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Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
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Horses (Equus caballus caballus) Ha
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Use: Wildlife Observation and Photo
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Availability of Resources: Hakalau
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Wildlife Photography: Hakalau Fores
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Public Review and Comment: Hakalau
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Anticipated Impacts of the Use(s):
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� Surveys: Scientific inventory o
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References Cited: Hakalau Forest Na
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Permits Hakalau Forest National Wil
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Attachment 2 Study title: Fiscal ye
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Use: University of Hawai‘i Field
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References Cited: Hakalau Forest Na
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Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
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Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
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Comments or suggestions: Hakalau Fo
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Natural Processes (biotic and abiot
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Table 4-2. Resources of Concern. Ot
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Other Benefiting Species Life Histo
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6.5 Record Keeping 6.5.1 Labels and
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7.2.1 Environmental exposure Hakala
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Table CP.1 Pesticide Name Trade Nam
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Date Acquired Hakalau Forest Nation
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U.S. Department of the Interior U.S
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