Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Based on results of annual invasive species transect monitoring, control invasive plant species with the goal of achieving
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Control pest animals using appropriate IPM techniques including, but not limited to, trapping, snares, shooting (ground and aerial), and rodenticide (aerial and bait stations). Conduct hazardous fuels treatments (e.g., prescribed fire, mechanical removals, herbicides) to reduce the threat from wildland fires, giving special attention to invasive species that increase fire risk (e.g., gorse). Maintain a system of fuels breaks by mowing roadways and areas around buildings. Establish a fire prevention program that includes signage, education, and area fire closure criteria. Rationale: This habitat type contains a mixed-age class of koa-dominated forest and occurs from 6,000-6,600 ft. The midcanopy is dominated by a mix of flowering and fruiting trees and shrubs (e.g., ‘ōlapa, ‘ākala, pilo, pūkiawe, ‘ōhelo, kōlea, kāwa‘u), mixed ferns, and epiphytes. Ground cover is dominated by mixed ferns, nonnative and native grasses, and herbs. A diverse native bird community occurs in this habitat type, primarily above the mosquito zone and in a more diverse forest plant community. Other species of conservation and management concern include the koloa maoli, ‘ōpe‘ape‘a, and endangered plants. The windward east-facing HFU receives northeasterly tradewind-dominated rainfall throughout the year. This habitat type receives approximately 23 ft of rainfall annually. More rainfall occurs between the months of October-March. Mountain slopes are moderate. Soils are aged, eroded, volcanic in origin, and typically poorly drained. The ground surface is bisected by numerous streams (surface flow). These streams create and maintain stream channels that are highly eroded and steep sided, providing protection to native and endangered plants from grazing ungulates. Limiting factors include a lack of native pollinators and several pest species (e.g., ungulates, rats, mice, slugs, mosquitoes, invasive plants, and diseases). Native pollinators on the Refuge include native birds and native insects. The habitat improvements outlined in each of the objectives and strategies are designed to provide suitable habitat that should help increase populations of native pollinators. A total of 3,500 acres of high-value montane mesic koa forest habitat exists at this elevation. Refuge lands at this elevation are former ranch lands dominated by nonnative grasses, which have been partially reforested over the past 25 years. Varying amounts of the approximately 2,500 acres of nonnative grassland-dominated habitat remaining are scheduled for reforestation and/or restoration in Objective 3.5. Objective 3.5: Restore/reforest native montane mesic koa forest. Restore/reforest, and then maintain and protect 2,500 acres of native montane mesic koa forest for endangered plant and animal species, with special emphasis on the endangered and native forest birds (e.g., ‘akiapōlā‘au, Hawai‘i ‘ākepa, Hawai‘i creeper), and endangered plants (e.g., Clermontia sp. Phyllostegia sp.), with the following attributes: • Occurs from 6,000-6,600 ft; • Mixed age koa canopy (1-30 years); Chapter 2. Refuge Management Direction 2-25
Page 1 and 2:
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hakala
Page 7 and 8:
Executive Summary Executive Summary
Page 9 and 10:
Executive Summary Hakalau Forest Na
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
Page 17 and 18:
Page 20 and 21:
vi Hakalau Forest National Wildlife
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Figure 1-1. Refuge vicinity. Chapte
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 1-2. HFU location. Chapter 1
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 1-3. KFU location. Chapter 1
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
Page 59: Chapter 2. Refuge Management Direct
Page 119 and 120: 3.5.2 Kona Forest Unit Contaminants
Page 133: Chapter 4. Refuge Biology and Habit
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Species, Species Group, or Habitat
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Grasslands Hakalau Forest National
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 4-6. Central windward study
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
4.5.1 ‘I‘iwi (Vestiaria coccine
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
4.8.5 Mollusks Hakalau Forest Natio
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
4.9.13 Phyllostegia velutina Hakala
Page 204 and 205:
4.9.16 Silene hawaiiensis Hakalau F
Page 206 and 207:
Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
Page 208 and 209:
Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Horses (Equus caballus caballus) Ha
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 267 and 268:
Chapter 5. Social S an nd Economic
Page 269 and 270:
Figure 5-2. 5 HFU ad dministrativ v
Page 271 and 272:
Figure 5-3. 5 KFU ad dministrativ v
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
5.2.3 Camping Hakalau Forest Nation
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Kona Forest Unit Hakalau Forest Nat
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
5.3.6 Refuge Contribution Hakalau F
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295:
Appendices Above: Nēnē/John De Me
Page 298 and 299:
Critical Habitat Hakalau Forest Nat
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Critical Habitat Life Year First Fa
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Genus Species Hawaiian/Common Name
Page 320 and 321:
Genus Species Hawaiian/Common Name
Page 322 and 323:
3x3 Code Genus Species Syn Status I
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 355 and 356:
Use: Wildlife Observation and Photo
Page 357 and 358:
Availability of Resources: Hakalau
Page 359 and 360:
Wildlife Photography: Hakalau Fores
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Public Review and Comment: Hakalau
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Anticipated Impacts of the Use(s):
Page 375 and 376:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
� Surveys: Scientific inventory o
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388:
References Cited: Hakalau Forest Na
Page 391 and 392:
Permits Hakalau Forest National Wil
Page 393 and 394:
Attachment 2 Study title: Fiscal ye
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Use: University of Hawai‘i Field
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409:
References Cited: Hakalau Forest Na
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Comments or suggestions: Hakalau Fo
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Natural Processes (biotic and abiot
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Table 4-2. Resources of Concern. Ot
Page 470 and 471:
Other Benefiting Species Life Histo
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
6.5 Record Keeping 6.5.1 Labels and
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
7.2.1 Environmental exposure Hakala
Page 490 and 491:
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
7.2.3 Assumptions for ecological ri
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Table CP.1 Pesticide Name Trade Nam
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Date Acquired Hakalau Forest Nation
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559:
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S
show all

Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?