Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

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References Cited: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Belanger, L. and Bedard, J. 1989. Energetic cost of man-induced disturbance to staging snow geese. J. Wildl. Management. 54: 36-41. Boyle, S.A. and Samson, F.B. 1985. Effects of nonconsumptive recreation on wildlife: a review. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 13: 110-116. Burger, J. 1986. The effect of human activity on shorebirds in two coastal bays in northeastern United States. Environ. Conserv. 13:123-130. Burger, J. and Gochfeld, M. 1991. Human activity influence and diurnal and nocturnal foraging of sanderlings (Calidris alba). Condor 93: 259-265. Cassirer, E. F. 1990. Responses of elk to disturbance by cross-country skiers in northern Yellowstone National Park. M.S. Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow. Cole, D.N. and J. L Marion. 1988. Recreation impacts in some riparian forests of the eastern United States. Env. Manage. 12:99-107. Cole, D. N. and P. B. Landres. 1995. Indirect effects of recreation on wildlife. Pages 183- 201 in R.L. Knight and K. J. Gutzwiller, ed. Wildlife and Recreationists: coexistence through management and research Island Press, Washington, D.C. 372pp. DeLong, A. K. 2002. Managing visitor use and disturbance of waterbirds, a literature review of impacts and mitigation measures prepared for Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge. Appendix L (114pp.) in Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge Complex final environmental impact statement for the comprehensive conservation plan and boundary revision (Vol. II). Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1, Portland, OR. Dwyer, N.C. and G.W Tanner. 1992. Nesting success in Florida sandhill cranes. Wilson Bulletin 104: 22-31. Erwin, R. M. 1989. Responses to human intruders by birds nesting in colonies: Experimental results and management guidelines. Colon. Waterbirds 12:104-108. Fraser, James D., L. D. Frenzel, and John E. Mathisen. 1985. The impact of human activities on breeding bald eagles in north-central Minnesota. J. Wildl. Manage. 49:585-592. Freddy, D. J. 1986. Responses of adult mule deer to human harassment during winter. Pages 286 in Comer, R. D., Baumann, T. G., Davis, P., Monarch, J. W., Todd, J., VanGytenbeek, S., Wills, D., and Woodling, J., eds. Proceedings II. Issues and technology in the management of impacted western wildlife: proceedings of a national symposium. Thorne Ecol. Inst., Boulder, Colorado. Gabrielson, G. W. and E. N. Smith. 1995. Physiological responses of wildlife to disturbance. Pages 95-107 in R. L. Knight and K. J. Gutzwiller, ed. Wildlife and Recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D. C. 372pp. B-34 Appendix B: Appropriate Uses and Compatibility Determinations
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Grubb, T. G. and King, R. M. 1991. Assessing human disturbance of breeding bald eagles with classification tree models. J. Wildl. Manage. 55:500-511. Klein, M. L. 1989. Effects of high levels of human visitation on foraging waterbirds at J. N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge. Final research report. Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. Knight, R. L. and D. N. Cole. 1991. Effects of recreational activity on wildlife in wildlands, In Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 56:238-247. Liddle, M.J. 1975. A selective review of the ecological effects on human trampling on natural ecosystems. Biol. Conserv. 7:17-36. MacArthur, R. A., Geist, V., and Johnston, R. H. 1982. Cardiac and behavioral responses of mountain sheep to human disturbance. J. Wildl. Manage. 46:351-358. Skagen, S.S. 1980. Behavioral responses of wintering bald eagles to human activity on the Skagit River, Washington. Pages 231-241 in Knight, R.L., Allen, G.T., Stalmaster, M.V., and Servheen, C.W., eds.1980. Proceedings of the Washington bald eagle symposium; Seattle, Washington. Appendix B: Appropriate Uses and Compatibility Determinations B-35
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Hakala
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Executive Summary Executive Summary
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Executive Summary Hakalau Forest Na
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Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Re
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vi Hakalau Forest National Wildlife
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Figure 1-1. Refuge vicinity. Chapte
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Figure 1-2. HFU location. Chapter 1
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Figure 1-3. KFU location. Chapter 1
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Chapter 2. Refuge Management Direct
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3.5.2 Kona Forest Unit Contaminants
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Chapter 4. Refuge Biology and Habit
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Species, Species Group, or Habitat
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Grasslands Hakalau Forest National
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Figure 4-6. Central windward study
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4.5.1 ‘I‘iwi (Vestiaria coccine
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4.8.5 Mollusks Hakalau Forest Natio
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4.9.13 Phyllostegia velutina Hakala
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4.9.16 Silene hawaiiensis Hakalau F
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Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
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Scientific Name Hakalau Forest Nati
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Horses (Equus caballus caballus) Ha
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Chapter 5. Social S an nd Economic
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Figure 5-2. 5 HFU ad dministrativ v
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Figure 5-3. 5 KFU ad dministrativ v
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5.2.3 Camping Hakalau Forest Nation
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Kona Forest Unit Hakalau Forest Nat
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5.3.6 Refuge Contribution Hakalau F
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Appendices Above: Nēnē/John De Me
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Critical Habitat Hakalau Forest Nat
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Critical Habitat Life Year First Fa
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Page 355 and 356: Use: Wildlife Observation and Photo
Page 357 and 358: Availability of Resources: Hakalau
Page 359 and 360: Wildlife Photography: Hakalau Fores
Page 368 and 369: Public Review and Comment: Hakalau
Page 373 and 374: Anticipated Impacts of the Use(s):
Page 380 and 381: � Surveys: Scientific inventory o
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Page 391 and 392: Permits Hakalau Forest National Wil
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Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
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Activity 5-year intervals: 2015, 20
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Comments or suggestions: Hakalau Fo
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Natural Processes (biotic and abiot
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Table 4-2. Resources of Concern. Ot
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Other Benefiting Species Life Histo
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6.5 Record Keeping 6.5.1 Labels and
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7.2.1 Environmental exposure Hakala
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7.2.3 Assumptions for ecological ri
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Table CP.1 Pesticide Name Trade Nam
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Date Acquired Hakalau Forest Nation
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U.S. Department of the Interior U.S
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