Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...

Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Comprehensive Conservation Plan
2.3.2.2 Goal 4: Protect and maintain wetland and aquatic habitats (e.g., streams
and their associated riparian corridors, ponds, and bogs) on the Hakalau
Forest Unit. ........................................................................................................ 2-28
2.3.2.3 Goal 5: Protect and maintain grassland habitat to support nēnē population
recovery ............................................................................................................. 2-30
2.3.3 Both Hakalau Forest and Kona Forest Units .............................................................. 2-33
2.3.3.1 Goal 6: Collect scientific information (inventories, monitoring, research,
assessments) necessary to support adaptive management decisions on
both units of Hakalau Forest NWR. .................................................................. 2-33
2.3.3.2 Goal 7: Visitors, with a special emphasis on experience gained through
volunteer work groups and local residents, understand and/or value
the native forest environment and management practices at Hakalau
Forest NWR. ...................................................................................................... 2-37
2.3.3.3 Goal 8: Protect and manage cultural resources and historic sites for their
educational and cultural values for the benefit of present and future
generations of Refuge users and communities. ................................................. 2-40
2.4 References ........................................................................................................................... 2-42
Chapter 3. Physical Environment .................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 Climate .................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Hakalau Forest Unit Climate ........................................................................................ 3-2
3.1.2 Kona Forest Unit Climate ............................................................................................. 3-3
3.2 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................. 3-4
3.2.1 Hakalau Forest Unit Geology and Soils ....................................................................... 3-4
3.2.2 Kona Forest Unit Geology and Soils ............................................................................ 3-6
3.3 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................. 3-8
3.3.1 Hakalau Forest Unit Hydrology ................................................................................. 3-10
3.3.2 Kona Forest Unit Hydrology ...................................................................................... 3-11
3.4 Topography ........................................................................................................................ 3-11
3.4.1 Hakalau Forest Unit Topography ............................................................................... 3-12
3.4.2 Kona Forest Unit Topography .................................................................................... 3-12
3.5 Environmental Contaminants .......................................................................................... 3-12
3.5.1 Hakalau Forest Unit Contaminants ............................................................................ 3-12
3.5.2 Kona Forest Unit Contaminants ................................................................................. 3-13
3.6 Land Use ............................................................................................................................. 3-13
3.6.1 Local Land Use Designations: Hakalau Forest Unit ................................................. 3-13
3.6.2 Local Land Use Designations: Kona Forest Unit ...................................................... 3-15
3.7 Global Climate Change ...................................................................................................... 3-17
3.8 References ........................................................................................................................... 3-20
Chapter 4. Refuge Biology and Habitats ...................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Biological Integrity Analysis ............................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Conservation Target Selection and Analysis ..................................................................... 4-2
4.3 Habitats ................................................................................................................................. 4-5
4.3.1 Hakalau Forest Unit ...................................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.2 Kona Forest Unit ........................................................................................................ 4-10
4.4 Endangered Hawaiian Forest Birds ................................................................................. 4-14
4.4.1 ‘Akiapōlā‘au ............................................................................................................... 4-16
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