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ments had permitted civilians to visit North Korea via Panmunjom.<br />

On December 8, 33 North Korean musicians and journalists travelled<br />

via Panmunjom to take part in “The 1990 New Year Traditional Music<br />

Festival.” On August 12, 1991, student representatives from the two<br />

Koreas met for the first time in Panmunjom, but the scheduled second<br />

meeting on the following day did not materialize since the South<br />

Korean government’s opinion was that rather than arranging a pure<br />

visit, North Korea wanted to use the students for their political purposes.<br />

On September 9, 1991, the Kôn’guk University Department of<br />

Korean Literature proposed to the Kim Il Sung University Department<br />

of Korean Literature that a meeting be held with student representatives<br />

in Panmunjom. The purpose was to visit historical spots<br />

and to establish a sisterhood relationship. Consequently, on September<br />

18 and 24, 1991, four students from Kôn’guk University Department<br />

of Korean Language and Literature and four students from Kim Il Sung<br />

University Department of Linguistics met in the NNSC conference<br />

room. On October 1, 1990, all NNSC delegations for the first time<br />

participated in the celebration of the anniversary of the Republic of<br />

Korea armed forces founded in 1948. In June 1998, the Hyundai<br />

company’s founder, Chung Ju-yung, crossed the MDL via the NNSC<br />

conference room to deliver 500 cows to North Korea as a gift and<br />

returned the same way. He crossed via the NNSC conference room<br />

again on the delivery of 501 cows in October. 293<br />

293_ Ch’oe, “P’anmunjôm-ûl t’onghan Nambukhan kyoryu,” 2002, pp. 124-5; Holmberg,<br />

Månadsrapport oktober (n. p., October 31, 1990), p. 4; Julin, Rapport för juni 1998<br />

(n. p., June 29, 1998), pp. 4, 6: Rapport för oktober 1998 (n. p., October 31, 1998),<br />

pp. 4-5. Ch’oe (ibid., p. 125) does not say whether the September 1991 student<br />

meetings gave any result.<br />

North Korea Incapacitates the MAC and the NNSC in the 1990s<br />

377

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