dossier sur le tourisme et le développement durable

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preamble................................................................................................................. 1
1. Framework and objectives of this Dossier................................................................................. 1
2. The different scopes of sustainable tourism.............................................................................. 1
3. The Mediterranean’s assets ...................................................................................................... 2
Tourist flows........................................................................................................... 4
1. International tourism .................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. The growth of tourism in the Mediterranean..................................................................................... 4
1.2. International visitors from medium and long distances, short distance intra-regional visitors .......... 4
1.3. Strong sensitivity to crises but resilience over the long term...... ..................................................... 6
1.4. Tourist flows are unevenly distributed in the Mediterranean region.................................................. 8
1.5. Mediterranean tourism remains very seasonal ................................................................................9
1.6. The domination of leisure trips at the seaside................................................................................ 10
2. Domestic tourism..................................................................................................................... 11
3. Evolution by 2025 .................................................................................................................... 13
The tourist offer ................................................................................................... 18
1. The accommodation capacity.................................................................................................. 18
2. Adaptation of the tourist products to the evolution of international demand ........................... 22
3. Alternative proposals in development ..................................................................................... 25
The economic aspects of tourism ...................................................................... 27
1. International tourism receipts .................................................................................................. 27
2. The financing of tourist development in the destinations ........................................................ 29
3. Dependent tourism .................................................................................................................. 30
4. Obscure distribution of tourism revenue.................................................................................. 33
Employment and training.................................................................................... 35
1. Some data ............................................................................................................................... 35
1.1. The specificity of employment in tourism ....................................................................................... 35
1.2. A sector of activity that creates employment.................................................................................. 35
2. Training for jobs in tourism ...................................................................................................... 36
2.1. Training offer.................................................................................................................................. 36
2.2. Insufficient training ......................................................................................................................... 37
2.3. Difficult work conditions, poorly paid and precarious jobs.............................................................. 38
Tourism, culture and society .............................................................................. 39
1. Tourism as a vector of cultural change ................................................................................... 39
1.1. The transformation of Mediterranean societies by tourism............................................................. 39
1.2. The acceptability of tourism by traditional societies ....................................................................... 40
1.3. Tension between tourists and local populations.............................................................................40
2. Both a risk and an opportunity for culture................................................................................ 41
2.1. The risk of excessive commercialisation of heritage and culture ................................................... 41
2.2. Tourism as a contributing factor to the protection and enhancement of cultural heritage .............. 42