dossier sur le tourisme et le développement durable

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2 Preamble fact that environmental quality is an important factor in competitiveness and should therefore be protected. This protection concerns the environmental aspects that are involved in the development and marketing of tourism products: landscapes, monuments, quality of beaches, etc. • A third interpretation is based on ecology from a sociological and political point of view. The emphasis is therefore on the necessity for tourism that is ecologically responsible. This is essentially a conservation approach, the priority of which is the protection of natural resources and ecosystems. With this in mind, “soft” tourist activities are acceptable from the moment that they are complementary and not perturbing for the environment. • A fourth approach refers to economic development that is ecologically sustainable in which tourism is one of the elements of a global sustainable development strategy. In this context the preservation of the environment is as important as economic efficiency and social equity. Tourist policies are therefore closely linked to social, economic and environmental policies. It is an integrated and balanced approach. Plan Bleu prefers this approach that considers tourism as one of the driving forces for sustainable development in the Mediterranean region. These various interpretations can coexist at various levels in the same destination, depending on the respective logic of those involved in politics or in economics, visitors, residents, etc. The notion of « sustainable tourism » can therefore be defined as the result of these four interpretations that should not be considered separately. 3. The Mediterranean’s assets The Mediterranean has four assets for tourism that explain its appeal. The diversity and the wealth of the historical, cultural, natural and scenic heritage The great wealth of its heritage is a reminder of the role of the Mediterranean in the formation of civilisations as both a shared area and as a meeting place. Nowadays there is a joint capital – vegetation and landscapes, olive growing, agricultural traditions, Roman cities– and aspects that differentiate the areas based on language, national history, religion, and so forth. This heritage is not merely composed of towns and monuments of worldwide renown (the Pyramids, the Acropolis, Venice, Istanbul, Carthage, etc.), but also of a constructed heritage ranging from the exceptional to the ordinary (ancient villages, craft and industrial heritage such as mills, etc.). To this can be added a living culture of traditional origin (cooking, celebrations, dances and songs) or of more recent origin (urban life, large music festivals, opera, cinema, etc.). Finally, the Mediterranean is one of the seats of worldwide biodiversity especially for plants and birds. The variety of this natural heritage provides it with assets for the development of ecotourism. A favoured climate and coastline A mild sunny winter climate was at the origin of tourism on the Mediterranean coast in the 19 th century, with the creation of the first « winter cities ». The hot, dry summer climate was fundamental to the development of seaside tourism during the second half of the 20 th century. The Mediterranean sea still remains the focal point of the heliotropic flow with about 40% of seaside tourists in the northern countries and 80% in the southern ones. The coast that has been humanised for a long time, blending nature and culture, obviously represents a privileged tourist spot. Yet, the Mediterranean is not the best ranked on the worldwide market, especially compared to the tropics, with regard to the criteria of sun and sea temperature or to the spectacular nature of its coastal landscapes. Cultural and physical proximity to the European market The geographical proximity of the Mediterranean countries with their main supplier markets adds to the development of transport facilities (service, rapidity) that has promoted access to holidays for a greater number of tourists. Access by road within no more than two days, often less, is possible for the countries in the north and east of the Mediterranean basin because of the short distances. The development of high speed trains has also shortened these distances. Air transport places the southern and eastern Mediterranean destinations at 3 or 4 hours from most cities of northern Europe.
A traditional tourist destination Preamble Modern tourism was invented in the Mediterranean, on the French and Italian Rivieras. The seniority of this development gives it a privileged position on the international market. The development of holiday spots of international renown in the 19 th century (Venice, Nice and Monaco, Syracuse, Corfu, Majorca, etc.) and the fact that they were visited by artists gives the Mediterranean a tourist depth and dream potential unequalled elsewhere. Besides this the tourist facilities and equipment have existed for a long time and are appreciated for their quality and variety. The long history of tourism in the Mediterranean explains the important position that it has in this sector today. It is also an extra asset for external growth: one third of the hotels in the Spanish hotel chains are located in South America and the highly symbolical « Club Méditerranée » has invented a type of tourism that is spread throughout the world. 3
Page 1 and 2:
PROGRAMME DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L
Page 3:
DOSSIER SUR LE TOURISME ET LE DÉVE
Page 6 and 7:
2.1. Les risques d’une commercial
Page 8 and 9:
2 Préambule • Une seconde interp
Page 10 and 11:
Les flux touristiques 1. Le tourism
Page 12 and 13:
6 Les flux touristiques visiteurs d
Page 14 and 15:
Une résilience dans le long terme
Page 16 and 17:
10 Les flux touristiques effets, da
Page 18 and 19:
12 Les flux touristiques en Médite
Page 20 and 21:
14 Les flux touristiques domine pou
Page 22 and 23:
16 Les flux touristiques d’une é
Page 24 and 25:
18 Les flux touristiques urbain et
Page 26 and 27:
L’offre touristique 1. La capacit
Page 28 and 29:
22 L’offre touristique Figure 8 :
Page 30 and 31:
24 L’offre touristique Du point d
Page 32 and 33:
26 L’offre touristique Compétiti
Page 34 and 35:
28 L’offre touristique prestation
Page 36 and 37:
30 L’offre touristique nature. Il
Page 38 and 39:
32 Les dimensions économiques du t
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Emploi et formation 1. Quelques don
Page 48 and 49:
42 Emploi et formation que cette pr
Page 50 and 51:
44 Emploi et formation secteur de l
Page 52 and 53:
46 Tourisme, culture et société a
Page 54 and 55:
48 Tourisme, culture et société d
Page 56 and 57:
50 Tourisme, culture et société l
Page 58 and 59:
52 Tourisme et environnement Les go
Page 60 and 61:
54 Tourisme et environnement Ce ph
Page 62 and 63:
56 Tourisme et environnement de 21%
Page 64 and 65:
58 Tourisme et environnement activi
Page 66 and 67: 60 Tourisme et environnement consom
Page 68 and 69: 62 Tourisme et environnement Figure
Page 70 and 71: 64 Tourisme et environnement en hau
Page 72 and 73: 66 Tourisme et environnement Il est
Page 74 and 75: Dimensions politiques 68 Dimensions
Page 76 and 77: 70 Dimensions politiques Ce modèle
Page 78 and 79: 72 Dimensions politiques L’object
Page 80 and 81: 74 Dimensions politiques Figure 24
Page 82 and 83: 76 Dimensions politiques de l’env
Page 84 and 85: 78 Dimensions politiques de technol
Page 86 and 87: 80 Dimensions politiques Les diffé
Page 88 and 89: 82 Dimensions politiques Ainsi, le
Page 90 and 91: 84 Dimensions politiques consommate
Page 92 and 93: 86 Dimensions politiques demande en
Page 94 and 95: 88 Dimensions politiques Un tel mé
Page 96 and 97: 90 Répondre aux enjeux et faire du
Page 98 and 99: 92 Principales références bibliog
Page 100 and 101: Annexe 94 Annexe Tableau 14 : Part
Page 102 and 103: 96 Annexe Tableau 16 : Arrivées in
Page 104 and 105: 98 Annexe Tableau 18 : Nuitées int
Page 106 and 107: 100 Annexe Tableau 20 : Contributio
Page 108 and 109: 102 Table des illustrations FIGURES
Page 110 and 111: Sigles et abréviations 104 Sigles
Page 113 and 114: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preamble.........
Page 115: Preamble Preamble 1. Framework and
Page 119 and 120: Tourist flows last decade has been
Page 121 and 122: Tourist flows the loss of tourist i
Page 123 and 124: Tourist flows increase of visitor r
Page 125 and 126: Tourist flows Figure 5: The flow of
Page 127 and 128: Tourist flows It is therefore essen
Page 129 and 130: Tourist flows The three countries o
Page 131 and 132: Tourist flows depopulation, has dom
Page 133 and 134: The tourist offer Figure 7 : Number
Page 135 and 136: The tourist offer Hotel occupation
Page 137 and 138: The tourist offer Growing competiti
Page 139 and 140: The tourist offer 5. Winter trips t
Page 141 and 142: The economic aspects of tourism The
Page 143 and 144: The economic aspects of tourism Ano
Page 145 and 146: The economic aspects of tourism the
Page 147 and 148: The economic aspects of tourism pro
Page 149 and 150: Employment and training Employment
Page 151 and 152: Employment and training year traini
Page 153 and 154: Tourism, culture and society Touris
Page 155 and 156: Tourism, culture and society standa
Page 157 and 158: Tourism, culture and society Pennar
Page 159 and 160: Tourism and the Environment Without
Page 161 and 162: Tourism and the Environment 80 000,
Page 163 and 164: Tourism and the Environment destroy
Page 165 and 166: Tourism and the Environment Figure
Page 167 and 168:
Tourism and the Environment 2. The
Page 169 and 170:
Tourism and the Environment Figure
Page 171 and 172:
Majorca (surface unit) Tourism and
Page 173 and 174:
Source: UNEP/ FAO/WHO, 1996 Tourism
Page 175 and 176:
Political scope the Société Finan
Page 177 and 178:
Political scope 2. The Mediterranea
Page 179 and 180:
Political scope Nowadays, tourism m
Page 181 and 182:
Political scope development in the
Page 183 and 184:
Political scope They just require a
Page 185 and 186:
Political scope whether conservatio
Page 187 and 188:
Political scope Frame 18: The growi
Page 189 and 190:
Political scope Figure 25: Sketch o
Page 191 and 192:
Political scope « stimulate a mech
Page 193 and 194:
Meeting the stakes and turning tour
Page 195 and 196:
Main bibliographic references and s
Page 197 and 198:
Annex Table 15: 2000 estimates and
Page 199 and 200:
Countries Annex Table 17: Tourist a
Page 201 and 202:
Annex Table 19: Average length of s
Page 203 and 204:
Table of illustrations Table of ill
Page 205 and 206:
Countries ISO codes AL Albania BA B
Page 207 and 208:
LIST OF MAP TECHNICAL SERIES REPORT
Page 209 and 210:
MTS 125. UNEP/MAP: Proceedings of t
Page 211 and 212:
MTS 87. UNEP/MAP/WHO: Identificatio
Page 213 and 214:
MTS 48. UNEP/MAP/FAO: Final reports
Page 215:
MTS 12. UNEP/MAP: Water resources d
show all

dossier sur le tourisme et le développement durable

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?